Temperature independence of piezoelectric properties for high-performance BiFeO(3)–BaTiO(3) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics up to 300 °C

The temperature-dependence behaviors of ferroelectric, piezoelectric, k(p) and electrical-field-induced strain were carefully evaluated for high-performance BiFeO(3)–0.3BaTiO(3) (BF–0.3BT) ceramics. There results indicate, combined with Rayleigh analysis and temperature-dependence XRD and PFM, that the increase of strain and large signal [Image: see text] with increasing the temperature from room temperature to 180 °C is related to the joint effect of intrinsic contribution (lattice expansion) and extrinsic contribution (domain switching). With further increasing the temperature to 300 °C, the large signal d(33) and electrical-field-induced strain mildly decrease because of the increase of conductivity for BF–0.3BT ceramics. However, different from strain and large signal [Image: see text] the small signal d(33)(E(0)) and k(p) exhibit excellent temperature stability behavior as the temperature increases from room temperature to 300 °C.