Experimental evaluation of a metofluthrin passive emanator against Aedes albopictus

BACKGROUND: With the recent occurrence of locally transmitted Aedes-borne viruses in the continental United States and Europe, and a lack of effective vaccines, new approaches to control Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are needed. In sub-tropical urban settings in the US, Ae. albopictus is a domi...

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Autores principales: Zarella, Olivia, Ekwomadu, Uche, Romer, Yamila, Kirstein, Oscar D., Che-Mendoza, Azael, González-Olvera, Gabriela, Manrique-Saide, Pablo, Devine, Gregor, Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9089854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35536780
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267278
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author Zarella, Olivia
Ekwomadu, Uche
Romer, Yamila
Kirstein, Oscar D.
Che-Mendoza, Azael
González-Olvera, Gabriela
Manrique-Saide, Pablo
Devine, Gregor
Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M.
author_facet Zarella, Olivia
Ekwomadu, Uche
Romer, Yamila
Kirstein, Oscar D.
Che-Mendoza, Azael
González-Olvera, Gabriela
Manrique-Saide, Pablo
Devine, Gregor
Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M.
author_sort Zarella, Olivia
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: With the recent occurrence of locally transmitted Aedes-borne viruses in the continental United States and Europe, and a lack of effective vaccines, new approaches to control Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are needed. In sub-tropical urban settings in the US, Ae. albopictus is a dominant nuisance and arbovirus vector species. Unfortunately, the vector control toolbox against Ae. albopictus is not as well developed as for Ae. aegypti. Here, we evaluate the efficacy, longevity, and range of protectiveness of a novel passive metofluthrin emanator (10% active ingredient in a polyethylene mesh) against Ae. albopictus indoors and outdoors. METHODS: Four studies were conducted comparing the presence of the metofluthrin emanator to a control lacking emanator with interest in quantifying efficacy by human landing counts. Studies evaluated the effect of an emanator at varying distances from one or more human volunteers indoors and outdoors. Efficacy of emanators over time since activation was also evaluated. RESULTS: Mixed-effects models determined that sitting in close proximity to an emanator reduced landings by 89.5% outdoors and by 74.6% indoors. The emanator was determined protective when located immediately next to a human volunteer outdoors but not uniformly protective when located further away. The emanator was protective at all tested distances from the device indoors. Mortality of mosquitoes exposed to metofluthrin emanators was ~2x higher than those who were not exposed in indoor conditions. Finally, a Generalized Additive Model determined that emanators used continuously outdoors lost their effect after 2.5 weeks and stopped inducing paralysis in mosquitoes after 3.8 weeks of use. CONCLUSIONS: We show strong and lasting efficacy of 10% metofluthrin emanators against field Ae. albopictus both in indoor and outdoor conditions. Metofluthrin emanators can protect people from Ae. albopictus bites, representing a viable option for reducing human-mosquito contacts at home and beyond.
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spelling pubmed-90898542022-05-11 Experimental evaluation of a metofluthrin passive emanator against Aedes albopictus Zarella, Olivia Ekwomadu, Uche Romer, Yamila Kirstein, Oscar D. Che-Mendoza, Azael González-Olvera, Gabriela Manrique-Saide, Pablo Devine, Gregor Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: With the recent occurrence of locally transmitted Aedes-borne viruses in the continental United States and Europe, and a lack of effective vaccines, new approaches to control Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are needed. In sub-tropical urban settings in the US, Ae. albopictus is a dominant nuisance and arbovirus vector species. Unfortunately, the vector control toolbox against Ae. albopictus is not as well developed as for Ae. aegypti. Here, we evaluate the efficacy, longevity, and range of protectiveness of a novel passive metofluthrin emanator (10% active ingredient in a polyethylene mesh) against Ae. albopictus indoors and outdoors. METHODS: Four studies were conducted comparing the presence of the metofluthrin emanator to a control lacking emanator with interest in quantifying efficacy by human landing counts. Studies evaluated the effect of an emanator at varying distances from one or more human volunteers indoors and outdoors. Efficacy of emanators over time since activation was also evaluated. RESULTS: Mixed-effects models determined that sitting in close proximity to an emanator reduced landings by 89.5% outdoors and by 74.6% indoors. The emanator was determined protective when located immediately next to a human volunteer outdoors but not uniformly protective when located further away. The emanator was protective at all tested distances from the device indoors. Mortality of mosquitoes exposed to metofluthrin emanators was ~2x higher than those who were not exposed in indoor conditions. Finally, a Generalized Additive Model determined that emanators used continuously outdoors lost their effect after 2.5 weeks and stopped inducing paralysis in mosquitoes after 3.8 weeks of use. CONCLUSIONS: We show strong and lasting efficacy of 10% metofluthrin emanators against field Ae. albopictus both in indoor and outdoor conditions. Metofluthrin emanators can protect people from Ae. albopictus bites, representing a viable option for reducing human-mosquito contacts at home and beyond. Public Library of Science 2022-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9089854/ /pubmed/35536780 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267278 Text en © 2022 Zarella et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zarella, Olivia
Ekwomadu, Uche
Romer, Yamila
Kirstein, Oscar D.
Che-Mendoza, Azael
González-Olvera, Gabriela
Manrique-Saide, Pablo
Devine, Gregor
Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M.
Experimental evaluation of a metofluthrin passive emanator against Aedes albopictus
title Experimental evaluation of a metofluthrin passive emanator against Aedes albopictus
title_full Experimental evaluation of a metofluthrin passive emanator against Aedes albopictus
title_fullStr Experimental evaluation of a metofluthrin passive emanator against Aedes albopictus
title_full_unstemmed Experimental evaluation of a metofluthrin passive emanator against Aedes albopictus
title_short Experimental evaluation of a metofluthrin passive emanator against Aedes albopictus
title_sort experimental evaluation of a metofluthrin passive emanator against aedes albopictus
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9089854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35536780
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267278
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