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Amino acid, sugar, phenolic, and terpenoid profiles are capable of distinguishing Citrus tristeza virus infection status in citrus cultivars: Grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, and sweet orange
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the most severe viral disease for citrus production. Many strains of CTV have been characterized and their symptomology widely varies, ranging from asymptomatic or mild infections to severe symptomology that results in substantial yield loss or host death. The capacity...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9089872/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35536831 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268255 |
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author | Wallis, Christopher M. Gorman, Zachary Rattner, Rachel Hajeri, Subhas Yokomi, Raymond |
author_facet | Wallis, Christopher M. Gorman, Zachary Rattner, Rachel Hajeri, Subhas Yokomi, Raymond |
author_sort | Wallis, Christopher M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the most severe viral disease for citrus production. Many strains of CTV have been characterized and their symptomology widely varies, ranging from asymptomatic or mild infections to severe symptomology that results in substantial yield loss or host death. The capacity of the different CTV strains to affect the biochemistry of different citrus species has remained largely unstudied, despite that associated metabolomic shifts would be relevant toward symptom development. Thus, amino acid, sugar, phenolic, and terpenoid levels were assessed in leaves of healthy and CTV-infected grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, and two different sweet orange cultivars. Both mild [VT-negative (VT-)] and severe [VT-positive (VT+)] CTV genotype strains were utilized. When looking at overall totals of these metabolite classes, only amino acid levels were significantly increased by infection of citrus with severe CTV strains, relative to mild CTV strains or healthy plants. No significant trends of CTV infection on summed amounts of all sugar, phenolic, or terpenoid compounds were observed. However, individual compound levels were affected by CTV infections. Subsequent canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) that utilized profiles of individual amino acids, terpenoids, or phenolics successfully distinguished leaf samples to specific citrus varieties and identified infection status with good accuracy. Collectively, this study reveals biochemical patterns associated with severity of CTV infections that can potentially be utilized to help identify in-field CTV infections of economic relevance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9089872 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90898722022-05-11 Amino acid, sugar, phenolic, and terpenoid profiles are capable of distinguishing Citrus tristeza virus infection status in citrus cultivars: Grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, and sweet orange Wallis, Christopher M. Gorman, Zachary Rattner, Rachel Hajeri, Subhas Yokomi, Raymond PLoS One Research Article Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the most severe viral disease for citrus production. Many strains of CTV have been characterized and their symptomology widely varies, ranging from asymptomatic or mild infections to severe symptomology that results in substantial yield loss or host death. The capacity of the different CTV strains to affect the biochemistry of different citrus species has remained largely unstudied, despite that associated metabolomic shifts would be relevant toward symptom development. Thus, amino acid, sugar, phenolic, and terpenoid levels were assessed in leaves of healthy and CTV-infected grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, and two different sweet orange cultivars. Both mild [VT-negative (VT-)] and severe [VT-positive (VT+)] CTV genotype strains were utilized. When looking at overall totals of these metabolite classes, only amino acid levels were significantly increased by infection of citrus with severe CTV strains, relative to mild CTV strains or healthy plants. No significant trends of CTV infection on summed amounts of all sugar, phenolic, or terpenoid compounds were observed. However, individual compound levels were affected by CTV infections. Subsequent canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) that utilized profiles of individual amino acids, terpenoids, or phenolics successfully distinguished leaf samples to specific citrus varieties and identified infection status with good accuracy. Collectively, this study reveals biochemical patterns associated with severity of CTV infections that can potentially be utilized to help identify in-field CTV infections of economic relevance. Public Library of Science 2022-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9089872/ /pubmed/35536831 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268255 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Wallis, Christopher M. Gorman, Zachary Rattner, Rachel Hajeri, Subhas Yokomi, Raymond Amino acid, sugar, phenolic, and terpenoid profiles are capable of distinguishing Citrus tristeza virus infection status in citrus cultivars: Grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, and sweet orange |
title | Amino acid, sugar, phenolic, and terpenoid profiles are capable of distinguishing Citrus tristeza virus infection status in citrus cultivars: Grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, and sweet orange |
title_full | Amino acid, sugar, phenolic, and terpenoid profiles are capable of distinguishing Citrus tristeza virus infection status in citrus cultivars: Grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, and sweet orange |
title_fullStr | Amino acid, sugar, phenolic, and terpenoid profiles are capable of distinguishing Citrus tristeza virus infection status in citrus cultivars: Grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, and sweet orange |
title_full_unstemmed | Amino acid, sugar, phenolic, and terpenoid profiles are capable of distinguishing Citrus tristeza virus infection status in citrus cultivars: Grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, and sweet orange |
title_short | Amino acid, sugar, phenolic, and terpenoid profiles are capable of distinguishing Citrus tristeza virus infection status in citrus cultivars: Grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, and sweet orange |
title_sort | amino acid, sugar, phenolic, and terpenoid profiles are capable of distinguishing citrus tristeza virus infection status in citrus cultivars: grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, and sweet orange |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9089872/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35536831 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268255 |
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