Cargando…

Toxicity of fungicides to Pisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes

Considering the fungicidal threat to the sustainable agro-environment, the toxicological impacts of three fungicides, namely kitazin, hexaconazole and carbendazim, on the biological, chemical and morpho-anatomical changes of peas were assessed. Fungicide applications in general caused a slow but gra...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Shahid, Mohammad, Ahmed, Bilal, Zaidi, Almas, Khan, Mohd Saghir
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9090578/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35559088
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra03923b
_version_ 1784704755596001280
author Shahid, Mohammad
Ahmed, Bilal
Zaidi, Almas
Khan, Mohd Saghir
author_facet Shahid, Mohammad
Ahmed, Bilal
Zaidi, Almas
Khan, Mohd Saghir
author_sort Shahid, Mohammad
collection PubMed
description Considering the fungicidal threat to the sustainable agro-environment, the toxicological impacts of three fungicides, namely kitazin, hexaconazole and carbendazim, on the biological, chemical and morpho-anatomical changes of peas were assessed. Fungicide applications in general caused a slow but gradual reduction in growth, symbiosis and yields of peas, which, however, varied appreciably among species and concentrations of the three fungicides. Of the three fungicides, carbendazim had the most lethal effect, in which it delayed seed germination and also diminished the overall pea growth. Carbendazim at 3000 μg kg(−1) maximally reduced the germination, SVI, size of roots and shoots and total dry matter accumulation in roots, shoots and whole plants distinctly by 40%, 84%, 72%, 73%, 68%, 75% and 73% (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. Hexaconazole at 120 μg kg(−1) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) declined total chlorophyll, carotenoids, grain yields, grain protein, root P and shoot N by 19%, 28%, 46%, 69%, 48% and 51%, respectively, over the control. The synthesis of stress biomarkers and oxidative stress were increased with increasing dosage rates of fungicides. Proline content in roots, shoots, leaves and grains, MDA, electrolyte leakage and H(2)O(2) of plants grown in soil treated with 288 μg kg(−1) kitazin were increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) by 73%, 52%, 41%, 24%, 59%, 40% and 27%, respectively, relative to the control. Antioxidant defence enzymes were greater in pea foliage. The SEM and CLSM images revealed an obvious alteration in root tips, enhanced cellular damage and cell death when plants were raised under fungicide stress. Also, morpho-anatomical variations in fungicide-treated foliage were visible in the SEM images. Overall, the present study suggests that a careful and secure strategy should be adopted before fungicides are chosen for enhancing pulse production in different agro-climatic regions.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9090578
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2018
publisher The Royal Society of Chemistry
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-90905782022-05-11 Toxicity of fungicides to Pisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes Shahid, Mohammad Ahmed, Bilal Zaidi, Almas Khan, Mohd Saghir RSC Adv Chemistry Considering the fungicidal threat to the sustainable agro-environment, the toxicological impacts of three fungicides, namely kitazin, hexaconazole and carbendazim, on the biological, chemical and morpho-anatomical changes of peas were assessed. Fungicide applications in general caused a slow but gradual reduction in growth, symbiosis and yields of peas, which, however, varied appreciably among species and concentrations of the three fungicides. Of the three fungicides, carbendazim had the most lethal effect, in which it delayed seed germination and also diminished the overall pea growth. Carbendazim at 3000 μg kg(−1) maximally reduced the germination, SVI, size of roots and shoots and total dry matter accumulation in roots, shoots and whole plants distinctly by 40%, 84%, 72%, 73%, 68%, 75% and 73% (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. Hexaconazole at 120 μg kg(−1) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) declined total chlorophyll, carotenoids, grain yields, grain protein, root P and shoot N by 19%, 28%, 46%, 69%, 48% and 51%, respectively, over the control. The synthesis of stress biomarkers and oxidative stress were increased with increasing dosage rates of fungicides. Proline content in roots, shoots, leaves and grains, MDA, electrolyte leakage and H(2)O(2) of plants grown in soil treated with 288 μg kg(−1) kitazin were increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) by 73%, 52%, 41%, 24%, 59%, 40% and 27%, respectively, relative to the control. Antioxidant defence enzymes were greater in pea foliage. The SEM and CLSM images revealed an obvious alteration in root tips, enhanced cellular damage and cell death when plants were raised under fungicide stress. Also, morpho-anatomical variations in fungicide-treated foliage were visible in the SEM images. Overall, the present study suggests that a careful and secure strategy should be adopted before fungicides are chosen for enhancing pulse production in different agro-climatic regions. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9090578/ /pubmed/35559088 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra03923b Text en This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
spellingShingle Chemistry
Shahid, Mohammad
Ahmed, Bilal
Zaidi, Almas
Khan, Mohd Saghir
Toxicity of fungicides to Pisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes
title Toxicity of fungicides to Pisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes
title_full Toxicity of fungicides to Pisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes
title_fullStr Toxicity of fungicides to Pisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes
title_full_unstemmed Toxicity of fungicides to Pisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes
title_short Toxicity of fungicides to Pisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes
title_sort toxicity of fungicides to pisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9090578/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35559088
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra03923b
work_keys_str_mv AT shahidmohammad toxicityoffungicidestopisumsativumastudyofoxidativedamagegrowthsuppressioncellulardeathandmorphoanatomicalchanges
AT ahmedbilal toxicityoffungicidestopisumsativumastudyofoxidativedamagegrowthsuppressioncellulardeathandmorphoanatomicalchanges
AT zaidialmas toxicityoffungicidestopisumsativumastudyofoxidativedamagegrowthsuppressioncellulardeathandmorphoanatomicalchanges
AT khanmohdsaghir toxicityoffungicidestopisumsativumastudyofoxidativedamagegrowthsuppressioncellulardeathandmorphoanatomicalchanges