The influences of V and Gd dopants on the structures and electrical and magnetic properties of PbPdO(2) thin films

PbPdO(2), PbPd(0.9)V(0.1)O(2) and PbPd(0.9)Gd(0.1)O(2) thin films with body-centered orthorhombic structure were prepared by PLD technique, respectively. Their structures, magnetic and electrical properties were measured by XRD, SEM, AFM, EDS, XPS and VSM, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the three samples all have the preferred orientation of (002), and room temperature ferromagnetism. From EDS and XPS results, we can deduce that there exist Pb vacancies in the three samples. Meanwhile, the valence states for Pb, Pd, O, Gd and V ions were found to be 2+, 2+, 2−, 3+ and mixed 4+ and 5+, respectively. It was also found that the magnetic moments of PbPdO(2) and PbPd(0.9)Gd(0.1)O(2) are least and largest, respectively. Moreover, the electrical characteristics analysis indicates that the electrical resistivity is enhanced by V ion substitution, but reduced by Gd ion substitution. In addition, the significant insulator–metal transition temperatures of PbPdO(2), PbPd(0.9)V(0.1)O(2) and PbPd(0.9)Gd(0.1)O(2) were found to be about 385 K, 390 K and 430 K, respectively. Finally, according to the experimental facts of Pb vacancies in the three samples, the first-principles calculated models containing Pb vacancies were established. The calculated results explain well the magnetic origin of PbPdO(2), and V and Gd doping roles on its electrical and magnetic properties.