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ECSIT inhibits cell death to increase tumor progression and metastasis via p53 in human breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Currently, breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most common cancer and the molecular mechanism involved in tumor initiation and metastasis was unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to advance our understanding of tumor progression and metastasis and find out new targets. An evolu...

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Autores principales: Hu, Yuanping, Liu, Wenqian, Zhang, Xuhan, Liu, Dan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: AME Publishing Company 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9091042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35571656
http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tcr-21-2234
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author Hu, Yuanping
Liu, Wenqian
Zhang, Xuhan
Liu, Dan
author_facet Hu, Yuanping
Liu, Wenqian
Zhang, Xuhan
Liu, Dan
author_sort Hu, Yuanping
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Currently, breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most common cancer and the molecular mechanism involved in tumor initiation and metastasis was unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to advance our understanding of tumor progression and metastasis and find out new targets. An evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT) is involved in the innate immune response and has been shown as tumor suppressors by downregulating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. However, the role of ECSIT in the progression and metastasis of human breast cancer remains unknown. METHODS: We overexpressed ECSIT by transfection of a eukaryotic expression plasmid and constructed a breast cancer cell line with stable knockdown of ECSIT by short hairpin RNA. And we silenced p53 through small interfering RNA. In vivo, we replicated a xenograft mouse model in nude mice. The effects on the proliferation, viability, migration and invasion were studied by 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine, cell counting Kit-8, wound healing and invasion assays. Propidium iodide/Hoechst 33342 staining and cleaved-caspase-3 staining were used to verify cell death. Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and histological analyses were used to explore the regulatory mechanism of tumor changes. RESULTS: We reported the association of ECSIT with human breast cancer. In vitro assays demonstrated that ECSIT promoted MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation (by 66.15%), migration and invasion (by 58.29%). Knockdown of ECSIT significantly decreased cell proliferation (by 38.33%), viability, migration and invasion (by 62.37%), and increased cell death (by 41.1%). The in vivo results further confirmed that knockdown of ECSIT depressed tumorigenicity (by 29.46%) and metastasis (by 76.19%). Mechanistic investigations indicated that silencing of ECSIT could decrease the expression of p65 (by 46.05%), a subunit of NF-κB, and increase p53 protein expression in nuclei (by 89.53%). Moreover, we demonstrated that knockdown of p53 abolished the protection against cell death, which indicated that ECSIT might be involved in breast cancer progression through a p53-dependent pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying the role of ECSIT as well as a novel target for human breast cancer, and the development of novel ECSIT inhibitors is important for the management of TNBC.
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spelling pubmed-90910422022-05-12 ECSIT inhibits cell death to increase tumor progression and metastasis via p53 in human breast cancer Hu, Yuanping Liu, Wenqian Zhang, Xuhan Liu, Dan Transl Cancer Res Original Article BACKGROUND: Currently, breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most common cancer and the molecular mechanism involved in tumor initiation and metastasis was unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to advance our understanding of tumor progression and metastasis and find out new targets. An evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT) is involved in the innate immune response and has been shown as tumor suppressors by downregulating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. However, the role of ECSIT in the progression and metastasis of human breast cancer remains unknown. METHODS: We overexpressed ECSIT by transfection of a eukaryotic expression plasmid and constructed a breast cancer cell line with stable knockdown of ECSIT by short hairpin RNA. And we silenced p53 through small interfering RNA. In vivo, we replicated a xenograft mouse model in nude mice. The effects on the proliferation, viability, migration and invasion were studied by 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine, cell counting Kit-8, wound healing and invasion assays. Propidium iodide/Hoechst 33342 staining and cleaved-caspase-3 staining were used to verify cell death. Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and histological analyses were used to explore the regulatory mechanism of tumor changes. RESULTS: We reported the association of ECSIT with human breast cancer. In vitro assays demonstrated that ECSIT promoted MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation (by 66.15%), migration and invasion (by 58.29%). Knockdown of ECSIT significantly decreased cell proliferation (by 38.33%), viability, migration and invasion (by 62.37%), and increased cell death (by 41.1%). The in vivo results further confirmed that knockdown of ECSIT depressed tumorigenicity (by 29.46%) and metastasis (by 76.19%). Mechanistic investigations indicated that silencing of ECSIT could decrease the expression of p65 (by 46.05%), a subunit of NF-κB, and increase p53 protein expression in nuclei (by 89.53%). Moreover, we demonstrated that knockdown of p53 abolished the protection against cell death, which indicated that ECSIT might be involved in breast cancer progression through a p53-dependent pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying the role of ECSIT as well as a novel target for human breast cancer, and the development of novel ECSIT inhibitors is important for the management of TNBC. AME Publishing Company 2022-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9091042/ /pubmed/35571656 http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tcr-21-2234 Text en 2022 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
spellingShingle Original Article
Hu, Yuanping
Liu, Wenqian
Zhang, Xuhan
Liu, Dan
ECSIT inhibits cell death to increase tumor progression and metastasis via p53 in human breast cancer
title ECSIT inhibits cell death to increase tumor progression and metastasis via p53 in human breast cancer
title_full ECSIT inhibits cell death to increase tumor progression and metastasis via p53 in human breast cancer
title_fullStr ECSIT inhibits cell death to increase tumor progression and metastasis via p53 in human breast cancer
title_full_unstemmed ECSIT inhibits cell death to increase tumor progression and metastasis via p53 in human breast cancer
title_short ECSIT inhibits cell death to increase tumor progression and metastasis via p53 in human breast cancer
title_sort ecsit inhibits cell death to increase tumor progression and metastasis via p53 in human breast cancer
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9091042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35571656
http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tcr-21-2234
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