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The power of fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy in the identification and characterization of complex mixtures of fluorescent silver clusters
Silver and gold clusters have received a lot of recent attention for their use in biomedical imaging. However, crude solutions of clusters are often complex mixtures, leading to discrepancies in their identification and characterization; important factors in determining their utility in biological a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society of Chemistry
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9092091/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35558801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08751b |
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author | Ramsay, H. Simon, D. Steele, E. Hebert, A. Oleschuk, R. D. Stamplecoskie, K. G. |
author_facet | Ramsay, H. Simon, D. Steele, E. Hebert, A. Oleschuk, R. D. Stamplecoskie, K. G. |
author_sort | Ramsay, H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Silver and gold clusters have received a lot of recent attention for their use in biomedical imaging. However, crude solutions of clusters are often complex mixtures, leading to discrepancies in their identification and characterization; important factors in determining their utility in biological applications. In the present study, silver clusters were separated for analysis using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, which has previously been implemented in the efficient separation of gold clusters. Using fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, we have demonstrated that a certain family of glutathione-protected silver clusters, previously thought to be one optically distinct species, is better described as a complex mixture of at least three distinct silver cluster species, each possessing unique optical properties. Based on these findings, EEM spectroscopy can be implemented as a powerful technique for determining the purity of complex mixtures, especially when other techniques, including mass spectrometry, fail to provide adequate characterization of a given material. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9092091 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | The Royal Society of Chemistry |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90920912022-05-11 The power of fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy in the identification and characterization of complex mixtures of fluorescent silver clusters Ramsay, H. Simon, D. Steele, E. Hebert, A. Oleschuk, R. D. Stamplecoskie, K. G. RSC Adv Chemistry Silver and gold clusters have received a lot of recent attention for their use in biomedical imaging. However, crude solutions of clusters are often complex mixtures, leading to discrepancies in their identification and characterization; important factors in determining their utility in biological applications. In the present study, silver clusters were separated for analysis using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, which has previously been implemented in the efficient separation of gold clusters. Using fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, we have demonstrated that a certain family of glutathione-protected silver clusters, previously thought to be one optically distinct species, is better described as a complex mixture of at least three distinct silver cluster species, each possessing unique optical properties. Based on these findings, EEM spectroscopy can be implemented as a powerful technique for determining the purity of complex mixtures, especially when other techniques, including mass spectrometry, fail to provide adequate characterization of a given material. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9092091/ /pubmed/35558801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08751b Text en This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
spellingShingle | Chemistry Ramsay, H. Simon, D. Steele, E. Hebert, A. Oleschuk, R. D. Stamplecoskie, K. G. The power of fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy in the identification and characterization of complex mixtures of fluorescent silver clusters |
title | The power of fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy in the identification and characterization of complex mixtures of fluorescent silver clusters |
title_full | The power of fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy in the identification and characterization of complex mixtures of fluorescent silver clusters |
title_fullStr | The power of fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy in the identification and characterization of complex mixtures of fluorescent silver clusters |
title_full_unstemmed | The power of fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy in the identification and characterization of complex mixtures of fluorescent silver clusters |
title_short | The power of fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy in the identification and characterization of complex mixtures of fluorescent silver clusters |
title_sort | power of fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (eem) spectroscopy in the identification and characterization of complex mixtures of fluorescent silver clusters |
topic | Chemistry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9092091/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35558801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08751b |
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