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SKA3 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer
BACKGROUND: Spindle and kinetochore‑associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) has recently been considered a key regulator of carcinogenesis. However, the connection between SKA3 and immune cell infiltration remains unknown. METHODS: The current study investigated the expression mode, prognostic effect, a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9092687/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35546682 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41065-022-00234-z |
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author | Wang , Chenyang Liu , Shasha Zhang , Xinhong Wang , Yan Guan , Peng Bu, Fanyou Wang, Hao Wang, Dawen Fan, Yi Hou, Sichuan Qiu, Zhilei |
author_facet | Wang , Chenyang Liu , Shasha Zhang , Xinhong Wang , Yan Guan , Peng Bu, Fanyou Wang, Hao Wang, Dawen Fan, Yi Hou, Sichuan Qiu, Zhilei |
author_sort | Wang , Chenyang |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Spindle and kinetochore‑associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) has recently been considered a key regulator of carcinogenesis. However, the connection between SKA3 and immune cell infiltration remains unknown. METHODS: The current study investigated the expression mode, prognostic effect, and functional role of SKA3 in different tumors, particularly bladder cancer using numerous databases, comprising TIMER, GEPIA, HPA, UALCAN, PrognoScan, and Kaplan–Meier Plotter. Differentially expressed gene and enrichment analyses were implemented on SKA3 using R packages "edgR" and "clusterProfiler". Immunohistochemistry was further used to validate the expression of SKA3 gene in bladder cancer. Following that, the relevance of SKA3 expression to immune infiltration level in bladder cancer was evaluated using TIMER. RESULTS: Overall, the level of SKA3 expression in tumor tissue significantly increased than in normal tissue. In bladder cancer and other tumors, patients with high SKA3 expression levels had worse overall survival (OS) (p = 0.016), disease-specific survival (DSS) (p = 0.00004), and disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.032). Additionally, the major molecular functions for SKA3 included nuclear division, mitotic nuclear division, mitotic sister chromatid segregation, humoral immune response, and cell chemotaxis. Additionally, SKA3 expression was found to be positively associated with enhanced M2 macrophage and T helper (Th) 2 cell infiltration in bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our study implies that SKA3 contributes to M2 macrophage and Th2 cell polarization by acting as an oncogene in bladder cancer. SKA3 might be a novel biomarker for evaluating prognosis and immune infiltration in bladder cancer. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-022-00234-z. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9092687 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90926872022-05-12 SKA3 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer Wang , Chenyang Liu , Shasha Zhang , Xinhong Wang , Yan Guan , Peng Bu, Fanyou Wang, Hao Wang, Dawen Fan, Yi Hou, Sichuan Qiu, Zhilei Hereditas Research BACKGROUND: Spindle and kinetochore‑associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) has recently been considered a key regulator of carcinogenesis. However, the connection between SKA3 and immune cell infiltration remains unknown. METHODS: The current study investigated the expression mode, prognostic effect, and functional role of SKA3 in different tumors, particularly bladder cancer using numerous databases, comprising TIMER, GEPIA, HPA, UALCAN, PrognoScan, and Kaplan–Meier Plotter. Differentially expressed gene and enrichment analyses were implemented on SKA3 using R packages "edgR" and "clusterProfiler". Immunohistochemistry was further used to validate the expression of SKA3 gene in bladder cancer. Following that, the relevance of SKA3 expression to immune infiltration level in bladder cancer was evaluated using TIMER. RESULTS: Overall, the level of SKA3 expression in tumor tissue significantly increased than in normal tissue. In bladder cancer and other tumors, patients with high SKA3 expression levels had worse overall survival (OS) (p = 0.016), disease-specific survival (DSS) (p = 0.00004), and disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.032). Additionally, the major molecular functions for SKA3 included nuclear division, mitotic nuclear division, mitotic sister chromatid segregation, humoral immune response, and cell chemotaxis. Additionally, SKA3 expression was found to be positively associated with enhanced M2 macrophage and T helper (Th) 2 cell infiltration in bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our study implies that SKA3 contributes to M2 macrophage and Th2 cell polarization by acting as an oncogene in bladder cancer. SKA3 might be a novel biomarker for evaluating prognosis and immune infiltration in bladder cancer. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-022-00234-z. BioMed Central 2022-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9092687/ /pubmed/35546682 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41065-022-00234-z Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Wang , Chenyang Liu , Shasha Zhang , Xinhong Wang , Yan Guan , Peng Bu, Fanyou Wang, Hao Wang, Dawen Fan, Yi Hou, Sichuan Qiu, Zhilei SKA3 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer |
title | SKA3 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer |
title_full | SKA3 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer |
title_fullStr | SKA3 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | SKA3 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer |
title_short | SKA3 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer |
title_sort | ska3 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9092687/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35546682 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41065-022-00234-z |
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