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Burden of cancers in India - estimates of cancer crude incidence, YLLs, YLDs and DALYs for 2021 and 2025 based on National Cancer Registry Program
BACKGROUND: Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The cancer burden varies within the regions of India posing great challenges in its prevention and control. The national burden assessment remains as a task which relies on statistical models in many developing countries, in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9092762/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35546232 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-09578-1 |
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author | Kulothungan, Vaitheeswaran Sathishkumar, Krishnan Leburu, Sravya Ramamoorthy, Thilagavathi Stephen, Santhappan Basavarajappa, Dharmappa Tomy, Nifty Mohan, Rohith Menon, Geetha R. Mathur, Prashant |
author_facet | Kulothungan, Vaitheeswaran Sathishkumar, Krishnan Leburu, Sravya Ramamoorthy, Thilagavathi Stephen, Santhappan Basavarajappa, Dharmappa Tomy, Nifty Mohan, Rohith Menon, Geetha R. Mathur, Prashant |
author_sort | Kulothungan, Vaitheeswaran |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The cancer burden varies within the regions of India posing great challenges in its prevention and control. The national burden assessment remains as a task which relies on statistical models in many developing countries, including India, due to cancer not being a notifiable disease. This study quantifies the cancer burden in India for 2016, adjusted mortality to incidence (AMI) ratio and projections for 2021 and 2025 from the National Cancer Registry Program (NCRP) and other publicly available data sources. METHODS: Primary data on cancer incidence and mortality between 2012 and 2016 from 28 Population Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs), all-cause mortality from Sample Registration Systems (SRS) 2012–16, lifetables and disability weight from World Health Organization (WHO), the population from Census of India and cancer prevalence using the WHO-DisMod-II tool were used for this study. The AMI ratio was estimated using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method from longitudinal NCRP-PBCR data (2001–16). The burden was quantified at national and sub-national levels as crude incidence, mortality, Years of Life Lost (YLLs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). The projections for the years 2021 and 2025 were done by the negative binomial regression model using STATA. RESULTS: The projected cancer burden in India for 2021 was 26.7 million DALYs(AMI) and expected to increase to 29.8 million in 2025. The highest burden was in the north (2408 DALYs(AMI) per 100,000) and northeastern (2177 DALYs(AMI) per 100,000) regions of the country and higher among males. More than 40% of the total cancer burden was contributed by the seven leading cancer sites — lung (10.6%), breast (10.5%), oesophagus (5.8%), mouth (5.7%), stomach (5.2%), liver (4.6%), and cervix uteri (4.3%). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the use of reliable data sources and DisMod-II tools that adhere to the international standard for assessment of national and sub-national cancer burden. A wide heterogeneity in leading cancer sites was observed within India by age and sex. The results also highlight the need to focus on non-leading sites of cancer by age and sex. These findings can guide policymakers to plan focused approaches towards monitoring efforts on cancer prevention and control. The study simplifies the methodology used for arriving at the burden estimates and thus, encourages researchers across the world to take up similar assessments with the available data. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09578-1. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9092762 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90927622022-05-12 Burden of cancers in India - estimates of cancer crude incidence, YLLs, YLDs and DALYs for 2021 and 2025 based on National Cancer Registry Program Kulothungan, Vaitheeswaran Sathishkumar, Krishnan Leburu, Sravya Ramamoorthy, Thilagavathi Stephen, Santhappan Basavarajappa, Dharmappa Tomy, Nifty Mohan, Rohith Menon, Geetha R. Mathur, Prashant BMC Cancer Research BACKGROUND: Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The cancer burden varies within the regions of India posing great challenges in its prevention and control. The national burden assessment remains as a task which relies on statistical models in many developing countries, including India, due to cancer not being a notifiable disease. This study quantifies the cancer burden in India for 2016, adjusted mortality to incidence (AMI) ratio and projections for 2021 and 2025 from the National Cancer Registry Program (NCRP) and other publicly available data sources. METHODS: Primary data on cancer incidence and mortality between 2012 and 2016 from 28 Population Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs), all-cause mortality from Sample Registration Systems (SRS) 2012–16, lifetables and disability weight from World Health Organization (WHO), the population from Census of India and cancer prevalence using the WHO-DisMod-II tool were used for this study. The AMI ratio was estimated using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method from longitudinal NCRP-PBCR data (2001–16). The burden was quantified at national and sub-national levels as crude incidence, mortality, Years of Life Lost (YLLs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). The projections for the years 2021 and 2025 were done by the negative binomial regression model using STATA. RESULTS: The projected cancer burden in India for 2021 was 26.7 million DALYs(AMI) and expected to increase to 29.8 million in 2025. The highest burden was in the north (2408 DALYs(AMI) per 100,000) and northeastern (2177 DALYs(AMI) per 100,000) regions of the country and higher among males. More than 40% of the total cancer burden was contributed by the seven leading cancer sites — lung (10.6%), breast (10.5%), oesophagus (5.8%), mouth (5.7%), stomach (5.2%), liver (4.6%), and cervix uteri (4.3%). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the use of reliable data sources and DisMod-II tools that adhere to the international standard for assessment of national and sub-national cancer burden. A wide heterogeneity in leading cancer sites was observed within India by age and sex. The results also highlight the need to focus on non-leading sites of cancer by age and sex. These findings can guide policymakers to plan focused approaches towards monitoring efforts on cancer prevention and control. The study simplifies the methodology used for arriving at the burden estimates and thus, encourages researchers across the world to take up similar assessments with the available data. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09578-1. BioMed Central 2022-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9092762/ /pubmed/35546232 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-09578-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Kulothungan, Vaitheeswaran Sathishkumar, Krishnan Leburu, Sravya Ramamoorthy, Thilagavathi Stephen, Santhappan Basavarajappa, Dharmappa Tomy, Nifty Mohan, Rohith Menon, Geetha R. Mathur, Prashant Burden of cancers in India - estimates of cancer crude incidence, YLLs, YLDs and DALYs for 2021 and 2025 based on National Cancer Registry Program |
title | Burden of cancers in India - estimates of cancer crude incidence, YLLs, YLDs and DALYs for 2021 and 2025 based on National Cancer Registry Program |
title_full | Burden of cancers in India - estimates of cancer crude incidence, YLLs, YLDs and DALYs for 2021 and 2025 based on National Cancer Registry Program |
title_fullStr | Burden of cancers in India - estimates of cancer crude incidence, YLLs, YLDs and DALYs for 2021 and 2025 based on National Cancer Registry Program |
title_full_unstemmed | Burden of cancers in India - estimates of cancer crude incidence, YLLs, YLDs and DALYs for 2021 and 2025 based on National Cancer Registry Program |
title_short | Burden of cancers in India - estimates of cancer crude incidence, YLLs, YLDs and DALYs for 2021 and 2025 based on National Cancer Registry Program |
title_sort | burden of cancers in india - estimates of cancer crude incidence, ylls, ylds and dalys for 2021 and 2025 based on national cancer registry program |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9092762/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35546232 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-09578-1 |
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