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The Ins and Outs of Antigen Uptake in B cells

A review of our current knowledge of B cell antigen uptake mechanisms, the relevance of these processes to pathology, and outstanding questions in the field. Specific antigens induce B cell activation through the B cell receptor (BCR) which initiates downstream signaling and undergoes endocytosis. W...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: McShane, Adam Nathan, Malinova, Dessislava
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9097226/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35572544
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.892169
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author McShane, Adam Nathan
Malinova, Dessislava
author_facet McShane, Adam Nathan
Malinova, Dessislava
author_sort McShane, Adam Nathan
collection PubMed
description A review of our current knowledge of B cell antigen uptake mechanisms, the relevance of these processes to pathology, and outstanding questions in the field. Specific antigens induce B cell activation through the B cell receptor (BCR) which initiates downstream signaling and undergoes endocytosis. While extensive research has shed light on the signaling pathways in health and disease, the endocytic mechanisms remain largely uncharacterized. Given the importance of BCR-antigen internalization for antigen presentation in initiating adaptive immune responses and its role in autoimmunity and malignancy, understanding the molecular mechanisms represents critical, and largely untapped, potential therapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in our understanding of BCR endocytic mechanisms and the role of the actin cytoskeleton and post-translational modifications in regulating BCR uptake. We discuss dysregulated BCR endocytosis in the context of B cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Finally, we pose several outstanding mechanistic questions which will critically advance our understanding of the coordination between BCR endocytosis and B cell activation.
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spelling pubmed-90972262022-05-13 The Ins and Outs of Antigen Uptake in B cells McShane, Adam Nathan Malinova, Dessislava Front Immunol Immunology A review of our current knowledge of B cell antigen uptake mechanisms, the relevance of these processes to pathology, and outstanding questions in the field. Specific antigens induce B cell activation through the B cell receptor (BCR) which initiates downstream signaling and undergoes endocytosis. While extensive research has shed light on the signaling pathways in health and disease, the endocytic mechanisms remain largely uncharacterized. Given the importance of BCR-antigen internalization for antigen presentation in initiating adaptive immune responses and its role in autoimmunity and malignancy, understanding the molecular mechanisms represents critical, and largely untapped, potential therapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in our understanding of BCR endocytic mechanisms and the role of the actin cytoskeleton and post-translational modifications in regulating BCR uptake. We discuss dysregulated BCR endocytosis in the context of B cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Finally, we pose several outstanding mechanistic questions which will critically advance our understanding of the coordination between BCR endocytosis and B cell activation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9097226/ /pubmed/35572544 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.892169 Text en Copyright © 2022 McShane and Malinova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
McShane, Adam Nathan
Malinova, Dessislava
The Ins and Outs of Antigen Uptake in B cells
title The Ins and Outs of Antigen Uptake in B cells
title_full The Ins and Outs of Antigen Uptake in B cells
title_fullStr The Ins and Outs of Antigen Uptake in B cells
title_full_unstemmed The Ins and Outs of Antigen Uptake in B cells
title_short The Ins and Outs of Antigen Uptake in B cells
title_sort ins and outs of antigen uptake in b cells
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9097226/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35572544
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.892169
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