Cargando…

Determination of the available energy, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of fermented corn germ meal replacing soybean meal in growing pig diets

Three experiments were conducted to compare the digestible (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in fermented corn germ meal (FCGM) and soybean meal (SBM), and evaluate the effects of FCGM replacing SBM in growing pig diets. In Exp. 1, 18 bar...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: He, Tengfei, Zheng, Yuhui, Piao, Xiangshu, Long, Shenfei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: KeAi Publishing 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9097634/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35600545
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2021.11.007
_version_ 1784706217769172992
author He, Tengfei
Zheng, Yuhui
Piao, Xiangshu
Long, Shenfei
author_facet He, Tengfei
Zheng, Yuhui
Piao, Xiangshu
Long, Shenfei
author_sort He, Tengfei
collection PubMed
description Three experiments were conducted to compare the digestible (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in fermented corn germ meal (FCGM) and soybean meal (SBM), and evaluate the effects of FCGM replacing SBM in growing pig diets. In Exp. 1, 18 barrows with initial body weight (BW) of 60.2 ± 3.40 kg were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment. The control diet used corn as the only energy ingredient, and 2 test diets were made by replacing 25.8% of corn with FCGM or SBM. The DE and ME of FCGM were less (P < 0.01) than those of SBM. In Exp. 2, 18 barrows (59.3 ± 2.52 kg BW) with ileal T-cannulas were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment. The SID of arginine, tryptophan and proline were greater (P < 0.05) and the tyrosine was less (P = 0.01) in SBM compared with FCGM. In Exp. 3, 144 growing pigs (56.1 ± 5.22 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 pens per treatment (3 barrows and 3 gilts per pen). Four diets (FCGM0, FCGM10, FCGM20 and FCGM30) were formulated using FCGM to replace 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of SBM, respectively. The ME and SID values of AA of SBM and FCGM were determined by Exp. 1 and 2. Results showed that increasing FCGM inclusion quadratically (P < 0.05) increased the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, and the levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and urea nitrogen, and linearly (P < 0.05) increased the serum IgM, the propanoic acid, butyric acid, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and the Shannon index of microbiota in feces. Besides, the relative abundance of genus Streptococcus in FCGM0, Lactobacillus in FCGM10 and Lachnospiraceae in FCGM30 were increased (P < 0.05) compared with other treatments. In conclusion, we recommend replacing 11.80% of SBM with FCGM to obtain the optimal ADG of growing pigs. Moreover, as the ratio of FCGM replacing SBM increased in diet, the immunity, intestinal microbiota and total VFA composition of growing pigs were improved.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9097634
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher KeAi Publishing
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-90976342022-05-20 Determination of the available energy, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of fermented corn germ meal replacing soybean meal in growing pig diets He, Tengfei Zheng, Yuhui Piao, Xiangshu Long, Shenfei Anim Nutr Original Research Article Three experiments were conducted to compare the digestible (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in fermented corn germ meal (FCGM) and soybean meal (SBM), and evaluate the effects of FCGM replacing SBM in growing pig diets. In Exp. 1, 18 barrows with initial body weight (BW) of 60.2 ± 3.40 kg were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment. The control diet used corn as the only energy ingredient, and 2 test diets were made by replacing 25.8% of corn with FCGM or SBM. The DE and ME of FCGM were less (P < 0.01) than those of SBM. In Exp. 2, 18 barrows (59.3 ± 2.52 kg BW) with ileal T-cannulas were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment. The SID of arginine, tryptophan and proline were greater (P < 0.05) and the tyrosine was less (P = 0.01) in SBM compared with FCGM. In Exp. 3, 144 growing pigs (56.1 ± 5.22 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 pens per treatment (3 barrows and 3 gilts per pen). Four diets (FCGM0, FCGM10, FCGM20 and FCGM30) were formulated using FCGM to replace 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of SBM, respectively. The ME and SID values of AA of SBM and FCGM were determined by Exp. 1 and 2. Results showed that increasing FCGM inclusion quadratically (P < 0.05) increased the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, and the levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and urea nitrogen, and linearly (P < 0.05) increased the serum IgM, the propanoic acid, butyric acid, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and the Shannon index of microbiota in feces. Besides, the relative abundance of genus Streptococcus in FCGM0, Lactobacillus in FCGM10 and Lachnospiraceae in FCGM30 were increased (P < 0.05) compared with other treatments. In conclusion, we recommend replacing 11.80% of SBM with FCGM to obtain the optimal ADG of growing pigs. Moreover, as the ratio of FCGM replacing SBM increased in diet, the immunity, intestinal microbiota and total VFA composition of growing pigs were improved. KeAi Publishing 2022-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9097634/ /pubmed/35600545 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2021.11.007 Text en © 2022 Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Original Research Article
He, Tengfei
Zheng, Yuhui
Piao, Xiangshu
Long, Shenfei
Determination of the available energy, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of fermented corn germ meal replacing soybean meal in growing pig diets
title Determination of the available energy, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of fermented corn germ meal replacing soybean meal in growing pig diets
title_full Determination of the available energy, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of fermented corn germ meal replacing soybean meal in growing pig diets
title_fullStr Determination of the available energy, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of fermented corn germ meal replacing soybean meal in growing pig diets
title_full_unstemmed Determination of the available energy, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of fermented corn germ meal replacing soybean meal in growing pig diets
title_short Determination of the available energy, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of fermented corn germ meal replacing soybean meal in growing pig diets
title_sort determination of the available energy, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of fermented corn germ meal replacing soybean meal in growing pig diets
topic Original Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9097634/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35600545
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2021.11.007
work_keys_str_mv AT hetengfei determinationoftheavailableenergystandardizedilealdigestibilityofaminoacidsoffermentedcorngermmealreplacingsoybeanmealingrowingpigdiets
AT zhengyuhui determinationoftheavailableenergystandardizedilealdigestibilityofaminoacidsoffermentedcorngermmealreplacingsoybeanmealingrowingpigdiets
AT piaoxiangshu determinationoftheavailableenergystandardizedilealdigestibilityofaminoacidsoffermentedcorngermmealreplacingsoybeanmealingrowingpigdiets
AT longshenfei determinationoftheavailableenergystandardizedilealdigestibilityofaminoacidsoffermentedcorngermmealreplacingsoybeanmealingrowingpigdiets