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Identification, In Silico Characterization, and Differential Expression Profiles of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways Genes, and Analysis of Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Heracleum moellendorffii Hance

Heracleum moellendorffii Hance is a non-woody forest plant widely used in China, Korea, and Japan because of its various therapeutic properties. However, the genetic details of the carotenoid pathway (CP), xanthophyll pathway (XP), and apocarotenoid pathway (AP) genes have not been studied. Thus, th...

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Autores principales: Sathasivam, Ramaraj, Kim, Nam Su, Choi, Minsol, Kwon, Haejin, Nguyen, Bao Van, Kim, Jae Kwang, Jeong, Dae Hui, Park, Eung Jun, Park, Hong Woo, Park, Sang Un
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9099461/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563233
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094845
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author Sathasivam, Ramaraj
Kim, Nam Su
Choi, Minsol
Kwon, Haejin
Nguyen, Bao Van
Kim, Jae Kwang
Jeong, Dae Hui
Park, Eung Jun
Park, Hong Woo
Park, Sang Un
author_facet Sathasivam, Ramaraj
Kim, Nam Su
Choi, Minsol
Kwon, Haejin
Nguyen, Bao Van
Kim, Jae Kwang
Jeong, Dae Hui
Park, Eung Jun
Park, Hong Woo
Park, Sang Un
author_sort Sathasivam, Ramaraj
collection PubMed
description Heracleum moellendorffii Hance is a non-woody forest plant widely used in China, Korea, and Japan because of its various therapeutic properties. However, the genetic details of the carotenoid pathway (CP), xanthophyll pathway (XP), and apocarotenoid pathway (AP) genes have not been studied. Thus, the CP, XP, and AP genes of H. moellendorffii were detected and analyzed. A total of fifteen genes were identified, of which eight, four, and three belonged to CP, XP, and AP, respectively. All identified genes possessed full open reading frames. Phylogenetic characterization of the identified gene sequences showed the highest similarity with other higher plants. Multiple alignments and 3D dimensional structures showed several diverse conserved motifs, such as the carotene-binding motif, dinucleotide-binding motif, and aspartate or glutamate residues. The results of real-time PCR showed that the CP, XP, and AP genes were highly expressed in leaves, followed by the stems and roots. In total, eight different individual carotenoids were identified using HPLC analysis. The highest individual and total carotenoid content were achieved in the leaves, followed by the stems and roots. This study will provide more information on the gene structure of the CP, XP, and AP genes, which may help to increase the accumulation of carotenoids in H. moellendorffii through genetic engineering. These results could be helpful for further molecular and functional studies of CP, XP, and AP genes.
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spelling pubmed-90994612022-05-14 Identification, In Silico Characterization, and Differential Expression Profiles of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways Genes, and Analysis of Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Heracleum moellendorffii Hance Sathasivam, Ramaraj Kim, Nam Su Choi, Minsol Kwon, Haejin Nguyen, Bao Van Kim, Jae Kwang Jeong, Dae Hui Park, Eung Jun Park, Hong Woo Park, Sang Un Int J Mol Sci Article Heracleum moellendorffii Hance is a non-woody forest plant widely used in China, Korea, and Japan because of its various therapeutic properties. However, the genetic details of the carotenoid pathway (CP), xanthophyll pathway (XP), and apocarotenoid pathway (AP) genes have not been studied. Thus, the CP, XP, and AP genes of H. moellendorffii were detected and analyzed. A total of fifteen genes were identified, of which eight, four, and three belonged to CP, XP, and AP, respectively. All identified genes possessed full open reading frames. Phylogenetic characterization of the identified gene sequences showed the highest similarity with other higher plants. Multiple alignments and 3D dimensional structures showed several diverse conserved motifs, such as the carotene-binding motif, dinucleotide-binding motif, and aspartate or glutamate residues. The results of real-time PCR showed that the CP, XP, and AP genes were highly expressed in leaves, followed by the stems and roots. In total, eight different individual carotenoids were identified using HPLC analysis. The highest individual and total carotenoid content were achieved in the leaves, followed by the stems and roots. This study will provide more information on the gene structure of the CP, XP, and AP genes, which may help to increase the accumulation of carotenoids in H. moellendorffii through genetic engineering. These results could be helpful for further molecular and functional studies of CP, XP, and AP genes. MDPI 2022-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9099461/ /pubmed/35563233 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094845 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sathasivam, Ramaraj
Kim, Nam Su
Choi, Minsol
Kwon, Haejin
Nguyen, Bao Van
Kim, Jae Kwang
Jeong, Dae Hui
Park, Eung Jun
Park, Hong Woo
Park, Sang Un
Identification, In Silico Characterization, and Differential Expression Profiles of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways Genes, and Analysis of Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Heracleum moellendorffii Hance
title Identification, In Silico Characterization, and Differential Expression Profiles of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways Genes, and Analysis of Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Heracleum moellendorffii Hance
title_full Identification, In Silico Characterization, and Differential Expression Profiles of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways Genes, and Analysis of Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Heracleum moellendorffii Hance
title_fullStr Identification, In Silico Characterization, and Differential Expression Profiles of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways Genes, and Analysis of Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Heracleum moellendorffii Hance
title_full_unstemmed Identification, In Silico Characterization, and Differential Expression Profiles of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways Genes, and Analysis of Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Heracleum moellendorffii Hance
title_short Identification, In Silico Characterization, and Differential Expression Profiles of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways Genes, and Analysis of Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Heracleum moellendorffii Hance
title_sort identification, in silico characterization, and differential expression profiles of carotenoid, xanthophyll, apocarotenoid biosynthetic pathways genes, and analysis of carotenoid and xanthophyll accumulation in heracleum moellendorffii hance
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9099461/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563233
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094845
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