Cargando…
Germacrene A Synthases for Sesquiterpene Lactone Biosynthesis Are Expressed in Vascular Parenchyma Cells Neighboring Laticifers in Lettuce
Sesquiterpene lactone (STL) and natural rubber (NR) are characteristic isoprenoids in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Both STL and NR co-accumulate in laticifers, pipe-like structures located along the vasculature. NR-biosynthetic genes are exclusively expressed in laticifers, but cell-type specific expre...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9099558/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35567193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091192 |
_version_ | 1784706635651874816 |
---|---|
author | Kwon, Moonhyuk Hodgins, Connor L. Haslam, Tegan M. Roth, Susan A. Nguyen, Trinh-Don Yeung, Edward C. Ro, Dae-Kyun |
author_facet | Kwon, Moonhyuk Hodgins, Connor L. Haslam, Tegan M. Roth, Susan A. Nguyen, Trinh-Don Yeung, Edward C. Ro, Dae-Kyun |
author_sort | Kwon, Moonhyuk |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sesquiterpene lactone (STL) and natural rubber (NR) are characteristic isoprenoids in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Both STL and NR co-accumulate in laticifers, pipe-like structures located along the vasculature. NR-biosynthetic genes are exclusively expressed in laticifers, but cell-type specific expression of STL-biosynthetic genes has not been studied. Here, we examined the expression pattern of germacrene A synthase (LsGAS), which catalyzes the first step in STL biosynthesis in lettuce. Quantitative PCR and Illumina read mapping revealed that the transcripts of two GAS isoforms (LsGAS1/LsGAS2) are expressed two orders of magnitude (~100–200) higher in stems than laticifers. This result implies that the cellular site for LsGAS1/2 expression is not in laticifers. To gain more insights, promoters of LsGAS1/2 were cloned and fused to β-glucuronidase (GUS), followed by transformations of lettuce with these promoter-GUS constructs. In in situ GUS assays, the GUS expression driven by the LsGAS1/2 promoters was tightly associated with vascular bundles. High-resolution microsections showed that GUS signals are not present in laticifers but are detected in the vascular parenchyma cells neighboring the laticifers. These results suggest that expression of LsGAS1/2 occurs in the parenchyma cells neighboring laticifers, while the resulting STL metabolites accumulate in laticifers. It can be inferred that active metabolite-trafficking occurs from the parenchyma cells to laticifers in lettuce. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9099558 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90995582022-05-14 Germacrene A Synthases for Sesquiterpene Lactone Biosynthesis Are Expressed in Vascular Parenchyma Cells Neighboring Laticifers in Lettuce Kwon, Moonhyuk Hodgins, Connor L. Haslam, Tegan M. Roth, Susan A. Nguyen, Trinh-Don Yeung, Edward C. Ro, Dae-Kyun Plants (Basel) Article Sesquiterpene lactone (STL) and natural rubber (NR) are characteristic isoprenoids in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Both STL and NR co-accumulate in laticifers, pipe-like structures located along the vasculature. NR-biosynthetic genes are exclusively expressed in laticifers, but cell-type specific expression of STL-biosynthetic genes has not been studied. Here, we examined the expression pattern of germacrene A synthase (LsGAS), which catalyzes the first step in STL biosynthesis in lettuce. Quantitative PCR and Illumina read mapping revealed that the transcripts of two GAS isoforms (LsGAS1/LsGAS2) are expressed two orders of magnitude (~100–200) higher in stems than laticifers. This result implies that the cellular site for LsGAS1/2 expression is not in laticifers. To gain more insights, promoters of LsGAS1/2 were cloned and fused to β-glucuronidase (GUS), followed by transformations of lettuce with these promoter-GUS constructs. In in situ GUS assays, the GUS expression driven by the LsGAS1/2 promoters was tightly associated with vascular bundles. High-resolution microsections showed that GUS signals are not present in laticifers but are detected in the vascular parenchyma cells neighboring the laticifers. These results suggest that expression of LsGAS1/2 occurs in the parenchyma cells neighboring laticifers, while the resulting STL metabolites accumulate in laticifers. It can be inferred that active metabolite-trafficking occurs from the parenchyma cells to laticifers in lettuce. MDPI 2022-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9099558/ /pubmed/35567193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091192 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kwon, Moonhyuk Hodgins, Connor L. Haslam, Tegan M. Roth, Susan A. Nguyen, Trinh-Don Yeung, Edward C. Ro, Dae-Kyun Germacrene A Synthases for Sesquiterpene Lactone Biosynthesis Are Expressed in Vascular Parenchyma Cells Neighboring Laticifers in Lettuce |
title | Germacrene A Synthases for Sesquiterpene Lactone Biosynthesis Are Expressed in Vascular Parenchyma Cells Neighboring Laticifers in Lettuce |
title_full | Germacrene A Synthases for Sesquiterpene Lactone Biosynthesis Are Expressed in Vascular Parenchyma Cells Neighboring Laticifers in Lettuce |
title_fullStr | Germacrene A Synthases for Sesquiterpene Lactone Biosynthesis Are Expressed in Vascular Parenchyma Cells Neighboring Laticifers in Lettuce |
title_full_unstemmed | Germacrene A Synthases for Sesquiterpene Lactone Biosynthesis Are Expressed in Vascular Parenchyma Cells Neighboring Laticifers in Lettuce |
title_short | Germacrene A Synthases for Sesquiterpene Lactone Biosynthesis Are Expressed in Vascular Parenchyma Cells Neighboring Laticifers in Lettuce |
title_sort | germacrene a synthases for sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesis are expressed in vascular parenchyma cells neighboring laticifers in lettuce |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9099558/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35567193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091192 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kwonmoonhyuk germacreneasynthasesforsesquiterpenelactonebiosynthesisareexpressedinvascularparenchymacellsneighboringlaticifersinlettuce AT hodginsconnorl germacreneasynthasesforsesquiterpenelactonebiosynthesisareexpressedinvascularparenchymacellsneighboringlaticifersinlettuce AT haslamteganm germacreneasynthasesforsesquiterpenelactonebiosynthesisareexpressedinvascularparenchymacellsneighboringlaticifersinlettuce AT rothsusana germacreneasynthasesforsesquiterpenelactonebiosynthesisareexpressedinvascularparenchymacellsneighboringlaticifersinlettuce AT nguyentrinhdon germacreneasynthasesforsesquiterpenelactonebiosynthesisareexpressedinvascularparenchymacellsneighboringlaticifersinlettuce AT yeungedwardc germacreneasynthasesforsesquiterpenelactonebiosynthesisareexpressedinvascularparenchymacellsneighboringlaticifersinlettuce AT rodaekyun germacreneasynthasesforsesquiterpenelactonebiosynthesisareexpressedinvascularparenchymacellsneighboringlaticifersinlettuce |