High-Resolution Doppler and Azimuth Estimation and Target Detection in HFSWR: Experimental Study

In this paper, we present a new high-resolution algorithm for primary signal processing in High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR). The algorithm has been developed to achieve and improve primary signal processing performance in existing HFSWR radars in terms of radar target detection. The proposed algorithm is based on a high-resolution estimate of the Range–Doppler (RD-HR) map using given number of frames in the selected integration period. RD-HR maps are formed at every antenna in receive antenna array. Target detection is based on an RD-HR map averaged across all the antennas. Azimuth estimation is performed by a high-resolution MUSIC-type algorithm that is executed for all detections we found in the RD-HR map. The existence of strong Bragg’s lines in the RD-HR map complicates the detection process but the contrast of the RD-HR map as well as the detectability of targets on the RD-HR map is significantly better compared to the RD-FFT map used by many existing radars, such as WERA.