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Increased Risk of Refractive Errors and Amblyopia among Children with Ptosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Background: This study aimed to investigate the risk of refractive errors (astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia) and amblyopia in children with ptosis and association between age at diagnosis of ptosis and subsequent risks of vision problems. Methods: Retrospective claims data from the Taiwan National...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9100637/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35566461 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092334 |
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author | Hsia, Ning-Yi Wen, Li-Yen Chou, Ching-Ying Lin, Cheng-Li Wan, Lei Lin, Hui-Ju |
author_facet | Hsia, Ning-Yi Wen, Li-Yen Chou, Ching-Ying Lin, Cheng-Li Wan, Lei Lin, Hui-Ju |
author_sort | Hsia, Ning-Yi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: This study aimed to investigate the risk of refractive errors (astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia) and amblyopia in children with ptosis and association between age at diagnosis of ptosis and subsequent risks of vision problems. Methods: Retrospective claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) were analyzed. We identified 1799 children aged 0–18 years who were newly diagnosed with ptosis between 2000 and 2012 and 7187 individuals without the disease. Both cohorts were followed up until 2013 to estimate the incidence of refractive errors and amblyopia. Results: Children with ptosis had 5.93-fold, 3.46-fold, 7.60-fold, and 13.45-fold increases in the risk of developing astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, and amblyopia, respectively, compared with the control cohort (astigmatism: adjusted hazard ratio, aHR = 5.93, 95% confidence interval, CI = 5.16–6.82; myopia: aHR = 3.46, 95% CI = 3.13–3.83; hyperopia: aHR = 7.60, 95% CI = 5.99–9.63; amblyopia: aHR = 13.45, 95% CI = 10.60–17.05). Children diagnosed with ptosis at an age older than 3 years old had a higher risk of myopia than patients diagnosed with ptosis before age 3. There was no significant difference of the risk of astigmatism, amblyopia, and hyperopia between age groups. Conclusions: Children with ptosis may exhibit a higher risk of astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, and amblyopia than children without ptosis. The risk of myopia is higher in children with ptosis diagnosed at >3 years than those diagnosed at ≤3 years. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9100637 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91006372022-05-14 Increased Risk of Refractive Errors and Amblyopia among Children with Ptosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study Hsia, Ning-Yi Wen, Li-Yen Chou, Ching-Ying Lin, Cheng-Li Wan, Lei Lin, Hui-Ju J Clin Med Article Background: This study aimed to investigate the risk of refractive errors (astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia) and amblyopia in children with ptosis and association between age at diagnosis of ptosis and subsequent risks of vision problems. Methods: Retrospective claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) were analyzed. We identified 1799 children aged 0–18 years who were newly diagnosed with ptosis between 2000 and 2012 and 7187 individuals without the disease. Both cohorts were followed up until 2013 to estimate the incidence of refractive errors and amblyopia. Results: Children with ptosis had 5.93-fold, 3.46-fold, 7.60-fold, and 13.45-fold increases in the risk of developing astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, and amblyopia, respectively, compared with the control cohort (astigmatism: adjusted hazard ratio, aHR = 5.93, 95% confidence interval, CI = 5.16–6.82; myopia: aHR = 3.46, 95% CI = 3.13–3.83; hyperopia: aHR = 7.60, 95% CI = 5.99–9.63; amblyopia: aHR = 13.45, 95% CI = 10.60–17.05). Children diagnosed with ptosis at an age older than 3 years old had a higher risk of myopia than patients diagnosed with ptosis before age 3. There was no significant difference of the risk of astigmatism, amblyopia, and hyperopia between age groups. Conclusions: Children with ptosis may exhibit a higher risk of astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, and amblyopia than children without ptosis. The risk of myopia is higher in children with ptosis diagnosed at >3 years than those diagnosed at ≤3 years. MDPI 2022-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9100637/ /pubmed/35566461 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092334 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hsia, Ning-Yi Wen, Li-Yen Chou, Ching-Ying Lin, Cheng-Li Wan, Lei Lin, Hui-Ju Increased Risk of Refractive Errors and Amblyopia among Children with Ptosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study |
title | Increased Risk of Refractive Errors and Amblyopia among Children with Ptosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study |
title_full | Increased Risk of Refractive Errors and Amblyopia among Children with Ptosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study |
title_fullStr | Increased Risk of Refractive Errors and Amblyopia among Children with Ptosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Increased Risk of Refractive Errors and Amblyopia among Children with Ptosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study |
title_short | Increased Risk of Refractive Errors and Amblyopia among Children with Ptosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study |
title_sort | increased risk of refractive errors and amblyopia among children with ptosis: a nationwide population-based study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9100637/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35566461 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092334 |
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