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Front-End Design for SiPM-Based Monolithic Neutron Double Scatter Imagers

Neutron double scatter imaging exploits the kinematics of neutron elastic scattering to enable emission imaging of neutron sources. Due to the relatively low coincidence detection efficiency of fast neutrons in organic scintillator arrays, imaging efficiency for double scatter cameras can also be lo...

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Autores principales: Cates, Joshua W., Steele, John, Balajthy, Jon, Negut, Victor, Hausladen, Paul, Ziock, Klaus, Brubaker, Erik
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9101142/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35591242
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093553
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author Cates, Joshua W.
Steele, John
Balajthy, Jon
Negut, Victor
Hausladen, Paul
Ziock, Klaus
Brubaker, Erik
author_facet Cates, Joshua W.
Steele, John
Balajthy, Jon
Negut, Victor
Hausladen, Paul
Ziock, Klaus
Brubaker, Erik
author_sort Cates, Joshua W.
collection PubMed
description Neutron double scatter imaging exploits the kinematics of neutron elastic scattering to enable emission imaging of neutron sources. Due to the relatively low coincidence detection efficiency of fast neutrons in organic scintillator arrays, imaging efficiency for double scatter cameras can also be low. One method to realize significant gains in neutron coincidence detection efficiency is to develop neutron double scatter detectors which employ monolithic blocks of organic scintillator, instrumented with photosensor arrays on multiple faces to enable 3D position and multi-interaction time pickoff. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have several advantageous characteristics for this approach, including high photon detection efficiency (PDE), good single photon time resolution (SPTR), high gain that translates to single photon counting capabilities, and ability to be tiled into large arrays with high packing fraction and photosensitive area fill factor. However, they also have a tradeoff in high uncorrelated and correlated noise rates (dark counts from thermionic emissions and optical photon crosstalk generated during avalanche) which may complicate event positioning algorithms. We have evaluated the noise characteristics and SPTR of Hamamatsu S13360-6075 SiPMs with low noise, fast electronic readout for integration into a monolithic neutron scatter camera prototype. The sensors and electronic readout were implemented in a small-scale prototype detector in order to estimate expected noise performance for a monolithic neutron scatter camera and perform proof-of-concept measurements for scintillation photon counting and three-dimensional event positioning.
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spelling pubmed-91011422022-05-14 Front-End Design for SiPM-Based Monolithic Neutron Double Scatter Imagers Cates, Joshua W. Steele, John Balajthy, Jon Negut, Victor Hausladen, Paul Ziock, Klaus Brubaker, Erik Sensors (Basel) Article Neutron double scatter imaging exploits the kinematics of neutron elastic scattering to enable emission imaging of neutron sources. Due to the relatively low coincidence detection efficiency of fast neutrons in organic scintillator arrays, imaging efficiency for double scatter cameras can also be low. One method to realize significant gains in neutron coincidence detection efficiency is to develop neutron double scatter detectors which employ monolithic blocks of organic scintillator, instrumented with photosensor arrays on multiple faces to enable 3D position and multi-interaction time pickoff. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have several advantageous characteristics for this approach, including high photon detection efficiency (PDE), good single photon time resolution (SPTR), high gain that translates to single photon counting capabilities, and ability to be tiled into large arrays with high packing fraction and photosensitive area fill factor. However, they also have a tradeoff in high uncorrelated and correlated noise rates (dark counts from thermionic emissions and optical photon crosstalk generated during avalanche) which may complicate event positioning algorithms. We have evaluated the noise characteristics and SPTR of Hamamatsu S13360-6075 SiPMs with low noise, fast electronic readout for integration into a monolithic neutron scatter camera prototype. The sensors and electronic readout were implemented in a small-scale prototype detector in order to estimate expected noise performance for a monolithic neutron scatter camera and perform proof-of-concept measurements for scintillation photon counting and three-dimensional event positioning. MDPI 2022-05-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9101142/ /pubmed/35591242 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093553 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Cates, Joshua W.
Steele, John
Balajthy, Jon
Negut, Victor
Hausladen, Paul
Ziock, Klaus
Brubaker, Erik
Front-End Design for SiPM-Based Monolithic Neutron Double Scatter Imagers
title Front-End Design for SiPM-Based Monolithic Neutron Double Scatter Imagers
title_full Front-End Design for SiPM-Based Monolithic Neutron Double Scatter Imagers
title_fullStr Front-End Design for SiPM-Based Monolithic Neutron Double Scatter Imagers
title_full_unstemmed Front-End Design for SiPM-Based Monolithic Neutron Double Scatter Imagers
title_short Front-End Design for SiPM-Based Monolithic Neutron Double Scatter Imagers
title_sort front-end design for sipm-based monolithic neutron double scatter imagers
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9101142/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35591242
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093553
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