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The Impact of Cytokines on Neutrophils’ Phagocytosis and NET Formation during Sepsis—A Review
Sepsis is an overwhelming inflammatory response to infection, resulting in multiple-organ injury. Neutrophils are crucial immune cells involved in innate response to pathogens and their migration and effector functions, such as phagocytosis and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, are depe...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9101385/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095076 |
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author | Gierlikowska, Barbara Stachura, Albert Gierlikowski, Wojciech Demkow, Urszula |
author_facet | Gierlikowska, Barbara Stachura, Albert Gierlikowski, Wojciech Demkow, Urszula |
author_sort | Gierlikowska, Barbara |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sepsis is an overwhelming inflammatory response to infection, resulting in multiple-organ injury. Neutrophils are crucial immune cells involved in innate response to pathogens and their migration and effector functions, such as phagocytosis and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, are dependent on cytokine presence and their concentration. In the course of sepsis, recruitment and migration of neutrophils to infectious foci gradually becomes impaired, thus leading to loss of a crucial arm of the innate immune response to infection. Our review briefly describes the sepsis course, the importance of neutrophils during sepsis, and explains dependence between cytokines and their activation. Moreover, we, for the first time, summarize the impact of cytokines on phagocytosis and NET formation. We highlight and discuss the importance of cytokines in modulation of both processes and emphasize the direction of further investigations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9101385 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91013852022-05-14 The Impact of Cytokines on Neutrophils’ Phagocytosis and NET Formation during Sepsis—A Review Gierlikowska, Barbara Stachura, Albert Gierlikowski, Wojciech Demkow, Urszula Int J Mol Sci Review Sepsis is an overwhelming inflammatory response to infection, resulting in multiple-organ injury. Neutrophils are crucial immune cells involved in innate response to pathogens and their migration and effector functions, such as phagocytosis and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, are dependent on cytokine presence and their concentration. In the course of sepsis, recruitment and migration of neutrophils to infectious foci gradually becomes impaired, thus leading to loss of a crucial arm of the innate immune response to infection. Our review briefly describes the sepsis course, the importance of neutrophils during sepsis, and explains dependence between cytokines and their activation. Moreover, we, for the first time, summarize the impact of cytokines on phagocytosis and NET formation. We highlight and discuss the importance of cytokines in modulation of both processes and emphasize the direction of further investigations. MDPI 2022-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9101385/ /pubmed/35563475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095076 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Gierlikowska, Barbara Stachura, Albert Gierlikowski, Wojciech Demkow, Urszula The Impact of Cytokines on Neutrophils’ Phagocytosis and NET Formation during Sepsis—A Review |
title | The Impact of Cytokines on Neutrophils’ Phagocytosis and NET Formation during Sepsis—A Review |
title_full | The Impact of Cytokines on Neutrophils’ Phagocytosis and NET Formation during Sepsis—A Review |
title_fullStr | The Impact of Cytokines on Neutrophils’ Phagocytosis and NET Formation during Sepsis—A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Cytokines on Neutrophils’ Phagocytosis and NET Formation during Sepsis—A Review |
title_short | The Impact of Cytokines on Neutrophils’ Phagocytosis and NET Formation during Sepsis—A Review |
title_sort | impact of cytokines on neutrophils’ phagocytosis and net formation during sepsis—a review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9101385/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095076 |
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