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Adaptive Divergence without Distinct Species Relationships Indicate Early Stage Ecological Speciation in Species of the Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Complex Endemic to Taiwan

The testing association of environmental variables with genetic and epigenetic variation could be crucial to deciphering the effects of environmental factors playing roles as selective drivers in ecological speciation. Although ecological speciation may occur in closely related species, species boun...

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Autores principales: Cao, Jia-Jia, Li, Yi-Shao, Chang, Chung-Te, Chung, Jeng-Der, Hwang, Shih-Ying
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9101530/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35567227
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091226
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author Cao, Jia-Jia
Li, Yi-Shao
Chang, Chung-Te
Chung, Jeng-Der
Hwang, Shih-Ying
author_facet Cao, Jia-Jia
Li, Yi-Shao
Chang, Chung-Te
Chung, Jeng-Der
Hwang, Shih-Ying
author_sort Cao, Jia-Jia
collection PubMed
description The testing association of environmental variables with genetic and epigenetic variation could be crucial to deciphering the effects of environmental factors playing roles as selective drivers in ecological speciation. Although ecological speciation may occur in closely related species, species boundaries may not be established over a short evolutionary timescale. Here, we investigated the genetic and epigenetic variations using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP), respectively, and tested their associations with environmental variables in populations of four closely related species in the R. pseudochrysanthum complex. No distinctive species relationships were found using genetic clustering analyses, neighbor-joining tree, and neighbor-net tree based on the total AFLP variation, which is suggestive of the incomplete lineage sorting of ancestral variation. Nonetheless, strong isolation-by-environment and adaptive divergence were revealed, despite the significant isolation-by-distance. Annual mean temperature, elevation, normalized difference vegetation index, and annual total potential evapotranspiration were found to be the most important environmental variables explaining outlier genetic and epigenetic variations. Our results suggest that the four closely related species of the R. pseudochrysanthum complex share the polymorphism of their ancestor, but reproductive isolation due to ecological speciation can occur if local environmental divergence persists over time.
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spelling pubmed-91015302022-05-14 Adaptive Divergence without Distinct Species Relationships Indicate Early Stage Ecological Speciation in Species of the Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Complex Endemic to Taiwan Cao, Jia-Jia Li, Yi-Shao Chang, Chung-Te Chung, Jeng-Der Hwang, Shih-Ying Plants (Basel) Article The testing association of environmental variables with genetic and epigenetic variation could be crucial to deciphering the effects of environmental factors playing roles as selective drivers in ecological speciation. Although ecological speciation may occur in closely related species, species boundaries may not be established over a short evolutionary timescale. Here, we investigated the genetic and epigenetic variations using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP), respectively, and tested their associations with environmental variables in populations of four closely related species in the R. pseudochrysanthum complex. No distinctive species relationships were found using genetic clustering analyses, neighbor-joining tree, and neighbor-net tree based on the total AFLP variation, which is suggestive of the incomplete lineage sorting of ancestral variation. Nonetheless, strong isolation-by-environment and adaptive divergence were revealed, despite the significant isolation-by-distance. Annual mean temperature, elevation, normalized difference vegetation index, and annual total potential evapotranspiration were found to be the most important environmental variables explaining outlier genetic and epigenetic variations. Our results suggest that the four closely related species of the R. pseudochrysanthum complex share the polymorphism of their ancestor, but reproductive isolation due to ecological speciation can occur if local environmental divergence persists over time. MDPI 2022-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9101530/ /pubmed/35567227 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091226 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Cao, Jia-Jia
Li, Yi-Shao
Chang, Chung-Te
Chung, Jeng-Der
Hwang, Shih-Ying
Adaptive Divergence without Distinct Species Relationships Indicate Early Stage Ecological Speciation in Species of the Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Complex Endemic to Taiwan
title Adaptive Divergence without Distinct Species Relationships Indicate Early Stage Ecological Speciation in Species of the Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Complex Endemic to Taiwan
title_full Adaptive Divergence without Distinct Species Relationships Indicate Early Stage Ecological Speciation in Species of the Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Complex Endemic to Taiwan
title_fullStr Adaptive Divergence without Distinct Species Relationships Indicate Early Stage Ecological Speciation in Species of the Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Complex Endemic to Taiwan
title_full_unstemmed Adaptive Divergence without Distinct Species Relationships Indicate Early Stage Ecological Speciation in Species of the Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Complex Endemic to Taiwan
title_short Adaptive Divergence without Distinct Species Relationships Indicate Early Stage Ecological Speciation in Species of the Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Complex Endemic to Taiwan
title_sort adaptive divergence without distinct species relationships indicate early stage ecological speciation in species of the rhododendron pseudochrysanthum complex endemic to taiwan
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9101530/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35567227
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091226
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