Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Spirometra Tapeworm Isolates from Snakes in Hunan Province, China

SIMPLE SUMMARY: With this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of Spirometra tapeworms in snakes in Hunan province. The result showed that the positivity rate among snakes was 89.53%, which is the highest among other regions. Genetic diversity analysis based on concatenated sequences revealed high genetic diversity but no distinct genetic structure among Spirometra populations. Phylogenetic analysis supported the division of European and Chinese Spirometra isolates and a single species in Chinese Spirometra isolates. ABSTRACT: Sparganosis, caused by the plerocercoid larvae of Spirometra tapeworms, is a public health hazard worldwide. The prevalence and genetics of sparganum from snakes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of sparganum infection in wild snakes in Hunan province and compared the prevalence of Spirometra tapeworms in snakes worldwide. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of collected isolates was analyzed using mitochondrial cytb and cox1 genes. The result shows that the sparganum infection rate in wild snakes (89.50%, 402/449) was higher in Hunan than in other regions. Genetic diversity analysis based on concatenated sequences revealed high genetic diversity but no distinct genetic structure among Spirometra populations. Phylogenetic analysis supported the division of European and Chinese Spirometra isolates and a single species in Chinese Spirometra isolates. The prevalence of Spirometra tapeworms in snakes is serious, and the risk of sparganosis should be further publicized.