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Circulating Noncoding RNAs in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors—Two Sides of the Same Coin

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are common intracranial neoplasms. While in case of hormone secreting tumors pituitary hormone measurements can be used for monitoring the disease, in non-functional tumors there is a need to discover non-invasive biomarkers. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are popu...

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Autor principal: Butz, Henriett
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9101693/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563510
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095122
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author Butz, Henriett
author_facet Butz, Henriett
author_sort Butz, Henriett
collection PubMed
description Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are common intracranial neoplasms. While in case of hormone secreting tumors pituitary hormone measurements can be used for monitoring the disease, in non-functional tumors there is a need to discover non-invasive biomarkers. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are popular biomarker candidates due to their stability and tissue specificity. Among ncRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs have been investigated the most in pituitary tumor tissues and in circulation. However, it is still not known whether ncRNAs are originated from the pituitary, or whether they are casually involved in the pathophysiology. Additionally, there is strong diversity among different studies reporting ncRNAs in PitNET. Therefore, to provide an overview of the discrepancies between published studies and to uncover the reasons why despite encouraging experimental data application of ncRNAs in clinical routine has not yet taken hold, in this review available data are summarized on circulating ncRNAs in PitNET. The data on circulating miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs are organized according to different PitNET subtypes. Biological (physiological and pathophysiological) factors behind intra- and interindividual variability and technical aspects of detecting these markers, including preanalytical and analytical parameters, sample acquisition (venipuncture) and type, storage, nucleic acid extraction, quantification and normalization, which reveal the two sides of the same coin are discussed.
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spelling pubmed-91016932022-05-14 Circulating Noncoding RNAs in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors—Two Sides of the Same Coin Butz, Henriett Int J Mol Sci Review Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are common intracranial neoplasms. While in case of hormone secreting tumors pituitary hormone measurements can be used for monitoring the disease, in non-functional tumors there is a need to discover non-invasive biomarkers. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are popular biomarker candidates due to their stability and tissue specificity. Among ncRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs have been investigated the most in pituitary tumor tissues and in circulation. However, it is still not known whether ncRNAs are originated from the pituitary, or whether they are casually involved in the pathophysiology. Additionally, there is strong diversity among different studies reporting ncRNAs in PitNET. Therefore, to provide an overview of the discrepancies between published studies and to uncover the reasons why despite encouraging experimental data application of ncRNAs in clinical routine has not yet taken hold, in this review available data are summarized on circulating ncRNAs in PitNET. The data on circulating miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs are organized according to different PitNET subtypes. Biological (physiological and pathophysiological) factors behind intra- and interindividual variability and technical aspects of detecting these markers, including preanalytical and analytical parameters, sample acquisition (venipuncture) and type, storage, nucleic acid extraction, quantification and normalization, which reveal the two sides of the same coin are discussed. MDPI 2022-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9101693/ /pubmed/35563510 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095122 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Butz, Henriett
Circulating Noncoding RNAs in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors—Two Sides of the Same Coin
title Circulating Noncoding RNAs in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors—Two Sides of the Same Coin
title_full Circulating Noncoding RNAs in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors—Two Sides of the Same Coin
title_fullStr Circulating Noncoding RNAs in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors—Two Sides of the Same Coin
title_full_unstemmed Circulating Noncoding RNAs in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors—Two Sides of the Same Coin
title_short Circulating Noncoding RNAs in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors—Two Sides of the Same Coin
title_sort circulating noncoding rnas in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors—two sides of the same coin
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9101693/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563510
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095122
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