Diagnostic and prognostic values of pyroptosis-related genes for the hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Due to the high heterogeneity, the early diagnosis and prognostic prediction of hepatic cellular cancer (HCC) is challenging. In this study, we explored the diagnostic and prognostic value of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in HCC. We downloaded the mRNA expression profiles of HCC and the corresponding clinical data from the TCGA and ICGC databases. Fifty-one PRGs were extracted from Genecards, MsigDB, and relevant literature. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) was used to explore the diagnostic value of the PRGs. RESULTS: The results revealed that BAK1, BAX, CHMP2A, CHMP4C, CHMP6, GSDMC, and GSDMD had higher diagnostic values for HCC (AUCs > 0.8, P < 0.05). Then, univariate and multivariate analyses of 51 PRGs were performed for HCC samples, and 4 PRGs (TP53, GPX4, GSDMC, BAK1) associated with HCC prognosis were obtained and used to construct a pyroptosis-related risk model. HCC samples were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the risk score’s cut-off. Kaplan–Meier curve and Log-rank test were used to compare the overall survival (OS) of two risk groups. The OS was lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. In addition, the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics revealed that the risk model could be used to predict the prognosis of HCC more accurately. The risk score also resulted as an independent risk factor for HCC prognosis (TCGA: HR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.53–3.92; ICGC: HR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.39–3.46). Moreover, the AUC of the risk score for diagnosing HCC was relatively higher (TCGA: AUC = 0.840, P < 0.05; ICGC: AUC = 0.795, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In a word, BAK1, BAX, CHMP2A, CHMP4C, CHMP6, GSDMC, GSDMD, and the pyroptosis-related risk model could be used to diagnose the HCC, and the risk score also resulted as an independent risk factor for the HCC prognosis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04726-7.