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Associations of Dietary Intake with Urinary Melamine and Derivative Concentrations among Children in the GAPPS Cohort
Melamine is a nephrotoxic industrial chemical. Diet is one source of melamine exposure, yet little work has examined the main dietary contributors, particularly among children. We evaluated associations of diet with urinary melamine and derivative concentrations among 123 children aged 4–6 years in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9102103/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35564358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094964 |
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author | Melough, Melissa M. Day, Drew B. Fretts, Amanda M. Wang, Sarah Flynn, Joseph T. de Boer, Ian H. Zhu, Hongkai Kannan, Kurunthachalam Sathyanarayana, Sheela |
author_facet | Melough, Melissa M. Day, Drew B. Fretts, Amanda M. Wang, Sarah Flynn, Joseph T. de Boer, Ian H. Zhu, Hongkai Kannan, Kurunthachalam Sathyanarayana, Sheela |
author_sort | Melough, Melissa M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Melamine is a nephrotoxic industrial chemical. Diet is one source of melamine exposure, yet little work has examined the main dietary contributors, particularly among children. We evaluated associations of diet with urinary melamine and derivative concentrations among 123 children aged 4–6 years in the Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth cohort. Children’s diets on the day preceding urine collection were assessed using 24-h dietary recalls. Associations of meat, fruit, and grain intakes with melamine exposure were examined using multiple linear regression. Remaining food groups were examined in secondary analyses. Mean (SD) melamine, ammelide, and cyanuric acid concentrations were 6.1 (12.4), 1.9 (2.1), and 60.6 (221.2) ng/mL, respectively. The second tertile of red meat consumers had 98% (95% CI: 15%, 241%) greater melamine exposure than non-consumers, yet the highest consumers did not have increased exposure. Greater consumption of certain fruits was associated with lower urinary ammelide. The top yogurt consumers had 112% (95% CI: 29%, 247%) greater melamine exposure than non-consumers. Consumption of starchy vegetables excluding potatoes was associated with 139% (95% CI: 6%, 437%) greater urinary ammelide. These observed associations should be confirmed in future studies using larger samples and increased monitoring of non-dietary routes of exposure. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9102103 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91021032022-05-14 Associations of Dietary Intake with Urinary Melamine and Derivative Concentrations among Children in the GAPPS Cohort Melough, Melissa M. Day, Drew B. Fretts, Amanda M. Wang, Sarah Flynn, Joseph T. de Boer, Ian H. Zhu, Hongkai Kannan, Kurunthachalam Sathyanarayana, Sheela Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Melamine is a nephrotoxic industrial chemical. Diet is one source of melamine exposure, yet little work has examined the main dietary contributors, particularly among children. We evaluated associations of diet with urinary melamine and derivative concentrations among 123 children aged 4–6 years in the Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth cohort. Children’s diets on the day preceding urine collection were assessed using 24-h dietary recalls. Associations of meat, fruit, and grain intakes with melamine exposure were examined using multiple linear regression. Remaining food groups were examined in secondary analyses. Mean (SD) melamine, ammelide, and cyanuric acid concentrations were 6.1 (12.4), 1.9 (2.1), and 60.6 (221.2) ng/mL, respectively. The second tertile of red meat consumers had 98% (95% CI: 15%, 241%) greater melamine exposure than non-consumers, yet the highest consumers did not have increased exposure. Greater consumption of certain fruits was associated with lower urinary ammelide. The top yogurt consumers had 112% (95% CI: 29%, 247%) greater melamine exposure than non-consumers. Consumption of starchy vegetables excluding potatoes was associated with 139% (95% CI: 6%, 437%) greater urinary ammelide. These observed associations should be confirmed in future studies using larger samples and increased monitoring of non-dietary routes of exposure. MDPI 2022-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9102103/ /pubmed/35564358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094964 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Melough, Melissa M. Day, Drew B. Fretts, Amanda M. Wang, Sarah Flynn, Joseph T. de Boer, Ian H. Zhu, Hongkai Kannan, Kurunthachalam Sathyanarayana, Sheela Associations of Dietary Intake with Urinary Melamine and Derivative Concentrations among Children in the GAPPS Cohort |
title | Associations of Dietary Intake with Urinary Melamine and Derivative Concentrations among Children in the GAPPS Cohort |
title_full | Associations of Dietary Intake with Urinary Melamine and Derivative Concentrations among Children in the GAPPS Cohort |
title_fullStr | Associations of Dietary Intake with Urinary Melamine and Derivative Concentrations among Children in the GAPPS Cohort |
title_full_unstemmed | Associations of Dietary Intake with Urinary Melamine and Derivative Concentrations among Children in the GAPPS Cohort |
title_short | Associations of Dietary Intake with Urinary Melamine and Derivative Concentrations among Children in the GAPPS Cohort |
title_sort | associations of dietary intake with urinary melamine and derivative concentrations among children in the gapps cohort |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9102103/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35564358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094964 |
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