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Unveiling the Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Follicular lymphoma is the most common type of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is characterized by its heterogeneity and variable course. In addition to tumor cells, the immune microenvironment plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Despite advances in treatme...

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Autores principales: Blanco, Mariola, Collazo-Lorduy, Ana, Yanguas-Casás, Natalia, Calvo, Virginia, Provencio, Mariano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9102342/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35565286
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092158
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author Blanco, Mariola
Collazo-Lorduy, Ana
Yanguas-Casás, Natalia
Calvo, Virginia
Provencio, Mariano
author_facet Blanco, Mariola
Collazo-Lorduy, Ana
Yanguas-Casás, Natalia
Calvo, Virginia
Provencio, Mariano
author_sort Blanco, Mariola
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Follicular lymphoma is the most common type of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is characterized by its heterogeneity and variable course. In addition to tumor cells, the immune microenvironment plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Despite advances in treatment, responses vary among patients, and outcomes are often unpredictable: a subset of high-risk patients will be refractory to standard treatments or will develop a high-grade histology. In this review, we try to understand the crosstalk between follicular lymphoma B-cells and the tumor microenvironment as well as its impact on prognosis and the risk of transformation. We also highlight recent findings related to novel therapies developed to treat this complex disease, in which genetic mutations and microenvironment cells play a key role. ABSTRACT: Follicular lymphomas (FL) are neoplasms that resemble normal germinal center (GC) B-cells. Normal GC and neoplastic follicles contain non-neoplastic cells such as T-cells, follicular dendritic cells, cancer associated fibroblasts, and macrophages, which define the tumor microenvironment (TME), which itself is an essential factor in tumor cell survival. The main characteristics of the TME in FL are an increased number of follicular regulatory T-cells (T(reg)) and follicular helper T-cells (T(fh)), M2-polarization of macrophages, and the development of a nodular network by stromal cells that creates a suitable niche for tumor growth. All of them play important roles in tumor angiogenesis, inhibition of apoptosis, and immune evasion, which are key factors in tumor progression and transformation risk. Based on these findings, novel therapies have been developed to target specific mutations present in the TME cells, restore immune suppression, and modulate TME.
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spelling pubmed-91023422022-05-14 Unveiling the Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma Blanco, Mariola Collazo-Lorduy, Ana Yanguas-Casás, Natalia Calvo, Virginia Provencio, Mariano Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Follicular lymphoma is the most common type of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is characterized by its heterogeneity and variable course. In addition to tumor cells, the immune microenvironment plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Despite advances in treatment, responses vary among patients, and outcomes are often unpredictable: a subset of high-risk patients will be refractory to standard treatments or will develop a high-grade histology. In this review, we try to understand the crosstalk between follicular lymphoma B-cells and the tumor microenvironment as well as its impact on prognosis and the risk of transformation. We also highlight recent findings related to novel therapies developed to treat this complex disease, in which genetic mutations and microenvironment cells play a key role. ABSTRACT: Follicular lymphomas (FL) are neoplasms that resemble normal germinal center (GC) B-cells. Normal GC and neoplastic follicles contain non-neoplastic cells such as T-cells, follicular dendritic cells, cancer associated fibroblasts, and macrophages, which define the tumor microenvironment (TME), which itself is an essential factor in tumor cell survival. The main characteristics of the TME in FL are an increased number of follicular regulatory T-cells (T(reg)) and follicular helper T-cells (T(fh)), M2-polarization of macrophages, and the development of a nodular network by stromal cells that creates a suitable niche for tumor growth. All of them play important roles in tumor angiogenesis, inhibition of apoptosis, and immune evasion, which are key factors in tumor progression and transformation risk. Based on these findings, novel therapies have been developed to target specific mutations present in the TME cells, restore immune suppression, and modulate TME. MDPI 2022-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9102342/ /pubmed/35565286 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092158 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Blanco, Mariola
Collazo-Lorduy, Ana
Yanguas-Casás, Natalia
Calvo, Virginia
Provencio, Mariano
Unveiling the Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma
title Unveiling the Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma
title_full Unveiling the Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma
title_fullStr Unveiling the Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling the Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma
title_short Unveiling the Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma
title_sort unveiling the role of the tumor microenvironment in the treatment of follicular lymphoma
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9102342/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35565286
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092158
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