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Label-Free Detection of Saxitoxin with Field-Effect Device-Based Biosensor

Saxitoxin (STX) is a highly toxic and widely distributed paralytic shellfish toxin (PSP), posing a serious hazard to the environment and human health. Thus, it is highly required to develop new STX detection approaches that are convenient, desirable, and affordable. This study presented a label-free...

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Autores principales: Ullah, Najeeb, Noureen, Beenish, Tian, Yulan, Du, Liping, Chen, Wei, Wu, Chunsheng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9102806/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35564214
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091505
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author Ullah, Najeeb
Noureen, Beenish
Tian, Yulan
Du, Liping
Chen, Wei
Wu, Chunsheng
author_facet Ullah, Najeeb
Noureen, Beenish
Tian, Yulan
Du, Liping
Chen, Wei
Wu, Chunsheng
author_sort Ullah, Najeeb
collection PubMed
description Saxitoxin (STX) is a highly toxic and widely distributed paralytic shellfish toxin (PSP), posing a serious hazard to the environment and human health. Thus, it is highly required to develop new STX detection approaches that are convenient, desirable, and affordable. This study presented a label-free electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensor covered with a layer-by-layer developed positively charged Poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer. An aptamer (Apt), which is sensitive to STX was electrostatically immobilized onto the PAMAM dendrimer layer. This results in an Apt that is preferably flat inside a Debye length, resulting in less charge-screening effect and a higher sensor signal. Capacitance-voltage and constant-capacitance measurements were utilized to monitor each step of a sensor surface variation, namely, the immobilization of PAMAM dendrimers, Apt, and STX. Additionally, the surface morphology of PAMAM dendrimer layers was studied by using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy was utilized to confirm that Apt was successfully immobilized on a PAMAM dendrimer-modified EIS sensor. The results presented an aptasensor with a detection range of 0.5–100 nM for STX detection and a limit of detection was 0.09 nM. Additionally, the aptasensor demonstrated high selectivity and 9-day stability. The extraction of mussel tissue indicated that an aptasensor may be applied to the detection of STX in real samples. An aptasensor enables marine toxin detection in a rapid and label-free manner.
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spelling pubmed-91028062022-05-14 Label-Free Detection of Saxitoxin with Field-Effect Device-Based Biosensor Ullah, Najeeb Noureen, Beenish Tian, Yulan Du, Liping Chen, Wei Wu, Chunsheng Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Saxitoxin (STX) is a highly toxic and widely distributed paralytic shellfish toxin (PSP), posing a serious hazard to the environment and human health. Thus, it is highly required to develop new STX detection approaches that are convenient, desirable, and affordable. This study presented a label-free electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensor covered with a layer-by-layer developed positively charged Poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer. An aptamer (Apt), which is sensitive to STX was electrostatically immobilized onto the PAMAM dendrimer layer. This results in an Apt that is preferably flat inside a Debye length, resulting in less charge-screening effect and a higher sensor signal. Capacitance-voltage and constant-capacitance measurements were utilized to monitor each step of a sensor surface variation, namely, the immobilization of PAMAM dendrimers, Apt, and STX. Additionally, the surface morphology of PAMAM dendrimer layers was studied by using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy was utilized to confirm that Apt was successfully immobilized on a PAMAM dendrimer-modified EIS sensor. The results presented an aptasensor with a detection range of 0.5–100 nM for STX detection and a limit of detection was 0.09 nM. Additionally, the aptasensor demonstrated high selectivity and 9-day stability. The extraction of mussel tissue indicated that an aptasensor may be applied to the detection of STX in real samples. An aptasensor enables marine toxin detection in a rapid and label-free manner. MDPI 2022-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9102806/ /pubmed/35564214 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091505 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ullah, Najeeb
Noureen, Beenish
Tian, Yulan
Du, Liping
Chen, Wei
Wu, Chunsheng
Label-Free Detection of Saxitoxin with Field-Effect Device-Based Biosensor
title Label-Free Detection of Saxitoxin with Field-Effect Device-Based Biosensor
title_full Label-Free Detection of Saxitoxin with Field-Effect Device-Based Biosensor
title_fullStr Label-Free Detection of Saxitoxin with Field-Effect Device-Based Biosensor
title_full_unstemmed Label-Free Detection of Saxitoxin with Field-Effect Device-Based Biosensor
title_short Label-Free Detection of Saxitoxin with Field-Effect Device-Based Biosensor
title_sort label-free detection of saxitoxin with field-effect device-based biosensor
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9102806/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35564214
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091505
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