A 90 GHz Broadband Balanced 8-Way Power Amplifier for High Precision FMCW Radar Sensors in 65-nm CMOS

We present a W-band 8-way wideband power amplifier (PA) for a high precision frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar in 65-nm CMOS technology. To achieve a broadband operation with an improved output power for a high range resolution and high distance coverage of FMCW radar sensors, a balanced architecture is employed with the Lange coupler which naturally combines the output powers from two 4-way push-pull PAs. By utilizing a transformer-based push-pull structure with a cross-coupled capacitive neutralization technique, the gate-drain capacitance of the 4-way PA is compensated for the stabilization with an improved power gain. Interstage matching was performed with transformers for a reduced loss from the matching network and minimal area occupation. The implemented balanced 8-way PA achieved a saturated output power (P(sat)) of 16.5 dBm, a 1-dB compressed output power (OP(1dB)) of 13.3 dBm, a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 9.9% at 90 GHz and 3-dB power bandwidth was 20.4 GHz (79.2–99.6 GHz).