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Ethnicity and other COVID-19 death risk factors in Mexico
INTRODUCTION: Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Risk factors associated with death vary among countries with different ethnic backgrounds. We aimed to describe the factors associated with death in Mex...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Termedia Publishing House
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103400/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35591829 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2020.101443 |
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author | Chiquete, Erwin Alegre-Díaz, Jesus Ochoa-Guzmán, Ana Toapanta-Yanchapaxi, Liz Nicole González-Carballo, Carlos Garcilazo-Ávila, Adrián Santacruz-Benitez, Rogelio Ramírez-Reyes, Raúl Wong-Chew, Rosa María Guerrero, Guadalupe Schmulson, Max Berumen, Jaime Sandoval-Rodríguez, Valeria Ruiz-Ruiz, Eduardo Cantú-Brito, Carlos |
author_facet | Chiquete, Erwin Alegre-Díaz, Jesus Ochoa-Guzmán, Ana Toapanta-Yanchapaxi, Liz Nicole González-Carballo, Carlos Garcilazo-Ávila, Adrián Santacruz-Benitez, Rogelio Ramírez-Reyes, Raúl Wong-Chew, Rosa María Guerrero, Guadalupe Schmulson, Max Berumen, Jaime Sandoval-Rodríguez, Valeria Ruiz-Ruiz, Eduardo Cantú-Brito, Carlos |
author_sort | Chiquete, Erwin |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Risk factors associated with death vary among countries with different ethnic backgrounds. We aimed to describe the factors associated with death in Mexicans with confirmed COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed the Mexican Ministry of Health’s official database on people tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal fluids. Bivariate analyses were performed to select characteristics potentially associated with death, to integrate a Cox-proportional hazards model. RESULTS: As of May 18, 2020, a total of 177,133 persons (90,586 men and 86,551 women) in Mexico received rtRT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2. There were 5332 deaths among the 51,633 rtRT-PCR-confirmed cases (10.33%, 95% CI: 10.07–10.59%). The median time (interquartile range, IQR) from symptoms onset to death was 9 days (5–13 days), and from hospital admission to death 4 days (2–8 days). The analysis by age groups revealed that the significant risk of death started gradually at the age of 40 years. Independent death risk factors were obesity, hypertension, male sex, indigenous ethnicity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, age > 40 years, and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Only 1959 (3.8%) cases received IMV, of whom 1893 were admitted to the intensive care unit (96.6% of those who received IMV). CONCLUSIONS: In Mexico, highly prevalent chronic diseases are risk factors for death among persons with COVID-19. Indigenous ethnicity is a poorly studied factor that needs more investigation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9103400 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Termedia Publishing House |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91034002022-05-18 Ethnicity and other COVID-19 death risk factors in Mexico Chiquete, Erwin Alegre-Díaz, Jesus Ochoa-Guzmán, Ana Toapanta-Yanchapaxi, Liz Nicole González-Carballo, Carlos Garcilazo-Ávila, Adrián Santacruz-Benitez, Rogelio Ramírez-Reyes, Raúl Wong-Chew, Rosa María Guerrero, Guadalupe Schmulson, Max Berumen, Jaime Sandoval-Rodríguez, Valeria Ruiz-Ruiz, Eduardo Cantú-Brito, Carlos Arch Med Sci Clinical Research INTRODUCTION: Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Risk factors associated with death vary among countries with different ethnic backgrounds. We aimed to describe the factors associated with death in Mexicans with confirmed COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed the Mexican Ministry of Health’s official database on people tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal fluids. Bivariate analyses were performed to select characteristics potentially associated with death, to integrate a Cox-proportional hazards model. RESULTS: As of May 18, 2020, a total of 177,133 persons (90,586 men and 86,551 women) in Mexico received rtRT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2. There were 5332 deaths among the 51,633 rtRT-PCR-confirmed cases (10.33%, 95% CI: 10.07–10.59%). The median time (interquartile range, IQR) from symptoms onset to death was 9 days (5–13 days), and from hospital admission to death 4 days (2–8 days). The analysis by age groups revealed that the significant risk of death started gradually at the age of 40 years. Independent death risk factors were obesity, hypertension, male sex, indigenous ethnicity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, age > 40 years, and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Only 1959 (3.8%) cases received IMV, of whom 1893 were admitted to the intensive care unit (96.6% of those who received IMV). CONCLUSIONS: In Mexico, highly prevalent chronic diseases are risk factors for death among persons with COVID-19. Indigenous ethnicity is a poorly studied factor that needs more investigation. Termedia Publishing House 2020-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9103400/ /pubmed/35591829 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2020.101443 Text en Copyright: © 2020 Termedia & Banach https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license. |
spellingShingle | Clinical Research Chiquete, Erwin Alegre-Díaz, Jesus Ochoa-Guzmán, Ana Toapanta-Yanchapaxi, Liz Nicole González-Carballo, Carlos Garcilazo-Ávila, Adrián Santacruz-Benitez, Rogelio Ramírez-Reyes, Raúl Wong-Chew, Rosa María Guerrero, Guadalupe Schmulson, Max Berumen, Jaime Sandoval-Rodríguez, Valeria Ruiz-Ruiz, Eduardo Cantú-Brito, Carlos Ethnicity and other COVID-19 death risk factors in Mexico |
title | Ethnicity and other COVID-19 death risk factors in Mexico |
title_full | Ethnicity and other COVID-19 death risk factors in Mexico |
title_fullStr | Ethnicity and other COVID-19 death risk factors in Mexico |
title_full_unstemmed | Ethnicity and other COVID-19 death risk factors in Mexico |
title_short | Ethnicity and other COVID-19 death risk factors in Mexico |
title_sort | ethnicity and other covid-19 death risk factors in mexico |
topic | Clinical Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103400/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35591829 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2020.101443 |
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