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Triple Negative Breast Cancer: An Analysis of the Subtypes and the Effects of Menopausal Status on Invasive Breast Cancer

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer which lacks hormone receptor (HR) expression and HER2 gene amplification and is the most aggressive subtype, with a heterogeneous genetic profile. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical significa...

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Autores principales: Nishimura, Reiki, Osako, Tomofumi, Okumura, Yasuhiro, Nakano, Masahiro, Otsuka, Hiroko, Fujisue, Mamiko, Arima, Nobuyuki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35566456
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092331
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author Nishimura, Reiki
Osako, Tomofumi
Okumura, Yasuhiro
Nakano, Masahiro
Otsuka, Hiroko
Fujisue, Mamiko
Arima, Nobuyuki
author_facet Nishimura, Reiki
Osako, Tomofumi
Okumura, Yasuhiro
Nakano, Masahiro
Otsuka, Hiroko
Fujisue, Mamiko
Arima, Nobuyuki
author_sort Nishimura, Reiki
collection PubMed
description Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer which lacks hormone receptor (HR) expression and HER2 gene amplification and is the most aggressive subtype, with a heterogeneous genetic profile. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical significance of menopausal status in breast cancer cases with TNBC. Methods: Primary breast cancer patients who underwent curative surgery were enrolled in this retrospective study. A total of 5153 invasive breast cancer cases with Stage I–III were analyzed. The distribution of cases according to the menopausal status and subtypes was investigated and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were compared between pre- and postmenopausal TNBC patients. Results: TNBC was frequently seen in postmenopausal patients and Luminal B and Luminal/HER2 subtypes were more common in premenopausal patients. There was no difference in DFS in the Luminal A/B and HER2 subtypes, but a significant difference was seen in the TNBC patients. Premenopausal patients with TNBC frequently had an overexpression of the p53 protein, a significantly higher Ki-67 index value, and a higher nuclear grade. A multivariate analysis revealed that menopausal status, nodal status, and tumor size were significant factors for DFS in TNBC cases. Conclusion: Menopausal status significantly correlates with breast cancer subtypes. TNBC was often seen in postmenopausal patients and these patients tend to have more favorable factors and a better DFS than premenopausal patients. These findings suggest that menopausal status is an important factor for evaluating biology and prognosis in TNBC cases.
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spelling pubmed-91034952022-05-14 Triple Negative Breast Cancer: An Analysis of the Subtypes and the Effects of Menopausal Status on Invasive Breast Cancer Nishimura, Reiki Osako, Tomofumi Okumura, Yasuhiro Nakano, Masahiro Otsuka, Hiroko Fujisue, Mamiko Arima, Nobuyuki J Clin Med Article Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer which lacks hormone receptor (HR) expression and HER2 gene amplification and is the most aggressive subtype, with a heterogeneous genetic profile. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical significance of menopausal status in breast cancer cases with TNBC. Methods: Primary breast cancer patients who underwent curative surgery were enrolled in this retrospective study. A total of 5153 invasive breast cancer cases with Stage I–III were analyzed. The distribution of cases according to the menopausal status and subtypes was investigated and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were compared between pre- and postmenopausal TNBC patients. Results: TNBC was frequently seen in postmenopausal patients and Luminal B and Luminal/HER2 subtypes were more common in premenopausal patients. There was no difference in DFS in the Luminal A/B and HER2 subtypes, but a significant difference was seen in the TNBC patients. Premenopausal patients with TNBC frequently had an overexpression of the p53 protein, a significantly higher Ki-67 index value, and a higher nuclear grade. A multivariate analysis revealed that menopausal status, nodal status, and tumor size were significant factors for DFS in TNBC cases. Conclusion: Menopausal status significantly correlates with breast cancer subtypes. TNBC was often seen in postmenopausal patients and these patients tend to have more favorable factors and a better DFS than premenopausal patients. These findings suggest that menopausal status is an important factor for evaluating biology and prognosis in TNBC cases. MDPI 2022-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9103495/ /pubmed/35566456 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092331 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Nishimura, Reiki
Osako, Tomofumi
Okumura, Yasuhiro
Nakano, Masahiro
Otsuka, Hiroko
Fujisue, Mamiko
Arima, Nobuyuki
Triple Negative Breast Cancer: An Analysis of the Subtypes and the Effects of Menopausal Status on Invasive Breast Cancer
title Triple Negative Breast Cancer: An Analysis of the Subtypes and the Effects of Menopausal Status on Invasive Breast Cancer
title_full Triple Negative Breast Cancer: An Analysis of the Subtypes and the Effects of Menopausal Status on Invasive Breast Cancer
title_fullStr Triple Negative Breast Cancer: An Analysis of the Subtypes and the Effects of Menopausal Status on Invasive Breast Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Triple Negative Breast Cancer: An Analysis of the Subtypes and the Effects of Menopausal Status on Invasive Breast Cancer
title_short Triple Negative Breast Cancer: An Analysis of the Subtypes and the Effects of Menopausal Status on Invasive Breast Cancer
title_sort triple negative breast cancer: an analysis of the subtypes and the effects of menopausal status on invasive breast cancer
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35566456
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092331
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