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Toxoplasma gondii’s Basal Complex: The Other Apicomplexan Business End Is Multifunctional
The Apicomplexa are famously named for their apical complex, a constellation of organelles at their apical end dedicated to invasion of their host cells. In contrast, at the other end of the cell, the basal complex (BC) has been overshadowed since it is much less prominent and specific functions wer...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35573773 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.882166 |
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author | Gubbels, Marc-Jan Ferguson, David J. P. Saha, Sudeshna Romano, Julia D. Chavan, Suyog Primo, Vincent A. Michaud, Cynthia Coppens, Isabelle Engelberg, Klemens |
author_facet | Gubbels, Marc-Jan Ferguson, David J. P. Saha, Sudeshna Romano, Julia D. Chavan, Suyog Primo, Vincent A. Michaud, Cynthia Coppens, Isabelle Engelberg, Klemens |
author_sort | Gubbels, Marc-Jan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Apicomplexa are famously named for their apical complex, a constellation of organelles at their apical end dedicated to invasion of their host cells. In contrast, at the other end of the cell, the basal complex (BC) has been overshadowed since it is much less prominent and specific functions were not immediately obvious. However, in the past decade a staggering array of functions have been associated with the BC and strides have been made in understanding its structure. Here, these collective insights are supplemented with new data to provide an overview of the understanding of the BC in Toxoplasma gondii. The emerging picture is that the BC is a dynamic and multifunctional complex, with a series of (putative) functions. The BC has multiple roles in cell division: it is the site where building blocks are added to the cytoskeleton scaffold; it exerts a two-step stretch and constriction mechanism as contractile ring; and it is key in organelle division. Furthermore, the BC has numerous putative roles in ‘import’, such as the recycling of mother cell remnants, the acquisition of host-derived vesicles, possibly the uptake of lipids derived from the extracellular medium, and the endocytosis of micronemal proteins. The latter process ties the BC to motility, whereas an additional role in motility is conferred by Myosin C. Furthermore, the BC acts on the assembly and/or function of the intravacuolar network, which may directly or indirectly contribute to the establishment of chronic tissue cysts. Here we provide experimental support for molecules acting in several of these processes and identify several new BC proteins critical to maintaining the cytoplasmic bridge between divided parasites. However, the dispensable nature of many BC components leaves many questions unanswered regarding its function. In conclusion, the BC in T. gondii is a dynamic and multifunctional structure at the posterior end of the parasite. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9103881 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91038812022-05-14 Toxoplasma gondii’s Basal Complex: The Other Apicomplexan Business End Is Multifunctional Gubbels, Marc-Jan Ferguson, David J. P. Saha, Sudeshna Romano, Julia D. Chavan, Suyog Primo, Vincent A. Michaud, Cynthia Coppens, Isabelle Engelberg, Klemens Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology The Apicomplexa are famously named for their apical complex, a constellation of organelles at their apical end dedicated to invasion of their host cells. In contrast, at the other end of the cell, the basal complex (BC) has been overshadowed since it is much less prominent and specific functions were not immediately obvious. However, in the past decade a staggering array of functions have been associated with the BC and strides have been made in understanding its structure. Here, these collective insights are supplemented with new data to provide an overview of the understanding of the BC in Toxoplasma gondii. The emerging picture is that the BC is a dynamic and multifunctional complex, with a series of (putative) functions. The BC has multiple roles in cell division: it is the site where building blocks are added to the cytoskeleton scaffold; it exerts a two-step stretch and constriction mechanism as contractile ring; and it is key in organelle division. Furthermore, the BC has numerous putative roles in ‘import’, such as the recycling of mother cell remnants, the acquisition of host-derived vesicles, possibly the uptake of lipids derived from the extracellular medium, and the endocytosis of micronemal proteins. The latter process ties the BC to motility, whereas an additional role in motility is conferred by Myosin C. Furthermore, the BC acts on the assembly and/or function of the intravacuolar network, which may directly or indirectly contribute to the establishment of chronic tissue cysts. Here we provide experimental support for molecules acting in several of these processes and identify several new BC proteins critical to maintaining the cytoplasmic bridge between divided parasites. However, the dispensable nature of many BC components leaves many questions unanswered regarding its function. In conclusion, the BC in T. gondii is a dynamic and multifunctional structure at the posterior end of the parasite. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9103881/ /pubmed/35573773 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.882166 Text en Copyright © 2022 Gubbels, Ferguson, Saha, Romano, Chavan, Primo, Michaud, Coppens and Engelberg https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cellular and Infection Microbiology Gubbels, Marc-Jan Ferguson, David J. P. Saha, Sudeshna Romano, Julia D. Chavan, Suyog Primo, Vincent A. Michaud, Cynthia Coppens, Isabelle Engelberg, Klemens Toxoplasma gondii’s Basal Complex: The Other Apicomplexan Business End Is Multifunctional |
title | Toxoplasma gondii’s Basal Complex: The Other Apicomplexan Business End Is Multifunctional |
title_full | Toxoplasma gondii’s Basal Complex: The Other Apicomplexan Business End Is Multifunctional |
title_fullStr | Toxoplasma gondii’s Basal Complex: The Other Apicomplexan Business End Is Multifunctional |
title_full_unstemmed | Toxoplasma gondii’s Basal Complex: The Other Apicomplexan Business End Is Multifunctional |
title_short | Toxoplasma gondii’s Basal Complex: The Other Apicomplexan Business End Is Multifunctional |
title_sort | toxoplasma gondii’s basal complex: the other apicomplexan business end is multifunctional |
topic | Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35573773 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.882166 |
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