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Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors
Skin flaps are necessary in plastic and reconstructive surgery for the removal of skin cancer, wounds, and ulcers. A skin flap is a portion of skin with its own blood supply that is partially separated from its original position and moved from one place to another. The use of skin flaps is often acc...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103896/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563624 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095234 |
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author | Lee, Ju-Hee You, Hi-Jin Lee, Tae-Yul Kang, Hyo Jin |
author_facet | Lee, Ju-Hee You, Hi-Jin Lee, Tae-Yul Kang, Hyo Jin |
author_sort | Lee, Ju-Hee |
collection | PubMed |
description | Skin flaps are necessary in plastic and reconstructive surgery for the removal of skin cancer, wounds, and ulcers. A skin flap is a portion of skin with its own blood supply that is partially separated from its original position and moved from one place to another. The use of skin flaps is often accompanied by cell necrosis or apoptosis due to ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor of kappa B (IκB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and oxygen free radicals are known causative agents of cell necrosis and apoptosis. To prevent I/R injury, many investigators have suggested the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, stem-cell therapies, and drug-based therapies. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a strategy used to prevent I/R injury. IPC is an experimental technique that uses short-term repetition of occlusion and reperfusion to adapt the area to the loss of blood supply. IPC can prevent I/R injury by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine activity. Various stem cell applications have been studied to facilitate flap survival and promote angiogenesis and vascularization in animal models. The possibility of constructing tissue engineered flaps has also been investigated. Although numerous animal studies have been published, clinical data with regard to IPC in flap reconstruction have never been reported. In this study, we present various experimental skin flap methods, IPC methods, and methods utilizing molecular factors associated with IPC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9103896 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91038962022-05-14 Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors Lee, Ju-Hee You, Hi-Jin Lee, Tae-Yul Kang, Hyo Jin Int J Mol Sci Review Skin flaps are necessary in plastic and reconstructive surgery for the removal of skin cancer, wounds, and ulcers. A skin flap is a portion of skin with its own blood supply that is partially separated from its original position and moved from one place to another. The use of skin flaps is often accompanied by cell necrosis or apoptosis due to ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor of kappa B (IκB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and oxygen free radicals are known causative agents of cell necrosis and apoptosis. To prevent I/R injury, many investigators have suggested the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, stem-cell therapies, and drug-based therapies. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a strategy used to prevent I/R injury. IPC is an experimental technique that uses short-term repetition of occlusion and reperfusion to adapt the area to the loss of blood supply. IPC can prevent I/R injury by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine activity. Various stem cell applications have been studied to facilitate flap survival and promote angiogenesis and vascularization in animal models. The possibility of constructing tissue engineered flaps has also been investigated. Although numerous animal studies have been published, clinical data with regard to IPC in flap reconstruction have never been reported. In this study, we present various experimental skin flap methods, IPC methods, and methods utilizing molecular factors associated with IPC. MDPI 2022-05-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9103896/ /pubmed/35563624 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095234 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Lee, Ju-Hee You, Hi-Jin Lee, Tae-Yul Kang, Hyo Jin Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors |
title | Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors |
title_full | Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors |
title_fullStr | Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors |
title_full_unstemmed | Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors |
title_short | Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors |
title_sort | current status of experimental animal skin flap models: ischemic preconditioning and molecular factors |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103896/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563624 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095234 |
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