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Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors

Skin flaps are necessary in plastic and reconstructive surgery for the removal of skin cancer, wounds, and ulcers. A skin flap is a portion of skin with its own blood supply that is partially separated from its original position and moved from one place to another. The use of skin flaps is often acc...

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Autores principales: Lee, Ju-Hee, You, Hi-Jin, Lee, Tae-Yul, Kang, Hyo Jin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103896/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563624
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095234
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author Lee, Ju-Hee
You, Hi-Jin
Lee, Tae-Yul
Kang, Hyo Jin
author_facet Lee, Ju-Hee
You, Hi-Jin
Lee, Tae-Yul
Kang, Hyo Jin
author_sort Lee, Ju-Hee
collection PubMed
description Skin flaps are necessary in plastic and reconstructive surgery for the removal of skin cancer, wounds, and ulcers. A skin flap is a portion of skin with its own blood supply that is partially separated from its original position and moved from one place to another. The use of skin flaps is often accompanied by cell necrosis or apoptosis due to ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor of kappa B (IκB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and oxygen free radicals are known causative agents of cell necrosis and apoptosis. To prevent I/R injury, many investigators have suggested the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, stem-cell therapies, and drug-based therapies. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a strategy used to prevent I/R injury. IPC is an experimental technique that uses short-term repetition of occlusion and reperfusion to adapt the area to the loss of blood supply. IPC can prevent I/R injury by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine activity. Various stem cell applications have been studied to facilitate flap survival and promote angiogenesis and vascularization in animal models. The possibility of constructing tissue engineered flaps has also been investigated. Although numerous animal studies have been published, clinical data with regard to IPC in flap reconstruction have never been reported. In this study, we present various experimental skin flap methods, IPC methods, and methods utilizing molecular factors associated with IPC.
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spelling pubmed-91038962022-05-14 Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors Lee, Ju-Hee You, Hi-Jin Lee, Tae-Yul Kang, Hyo Jin Int J Mol Sci Review Skin flaps are necessary in plastic and reconstructive surgery for the removal of skin cancer, wounds, and ulcers. A skin flap is a portion of skin with its own blood supply that is partially separated from its original position and moved from one place to another. The use of skin flaps is often accompanied by cell necrosis or apoptosis due to ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor of kappa B (IκB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and oxygen free radicals are known causative agents of cell necrosis and apoptosis. To prevent I/R injury, many investigators have suggested the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, stem-cell therapies, and drug-based therapies. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a strategy used to prevent I/R injury. IPC is an experimental technique that uses short-term repetition of occlusion and reperfusion to adapt the area to the loss of blood supply. IPC can prevent I/R injury by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine activity. Various stem cell applications have been studied to facilitate flap survival and promote angiogenesis and vascularization in animal models. The possibility of constructing tissue engineered flaps has also been investigated. Although numerous animal studies have been published, clinical data with regard to IPC in flap reconstruction have never been reported. In this study, we present various experimental skin flap methods, IPC methods, and methods utilizing molecular factors associated with IPC. MDPI 2022-05-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9103896/ /pubmed/35563624 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095234 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Lee, Ju-Hee
You, Hi-Jin
Lee, Tae-Yul
Kang, Hyo Jin
Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors
title Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors
title_full Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors
title_fullStr Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors
title_full_unstemmed Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors
title_short Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors
title_sort current status of experimental animal skin flap models: ischemic preconditioning and molecular factors
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103896/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563624
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095234
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