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Optimizing the L/S Ratio in Geopolymers for the Production of Large-Size Elements with 3D Printing Technology

Geopolymer concretes can be a viable alternative to conventional Portland cement-based materials. In their design, it is important to maintain an appropriate liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), which affects several properties, such as the compressive strength, water absorption, and frost resistance. The o...

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Autores principales: Marczyk, Joanna, Ziejewska, Celina, Pławecka, Kinga, Bąk, Agnieszka, Łach, Michał, Korniejenko, Kinga, Hager, Izabela, Mikuła, Janusz, Lin, Wei-Ting, Hebda, Marek
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103917/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35591696
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093362
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author Marczyk, Joanna
Ziejewska, Celina
Pławecka, Kinga
Bąk, Agnieszka
Łach, Michał
Korniejenko, Kinga
Hager, Izabela
Mikuła, Janusz
Lin, Wei-Ting
Hebda, Marek
author_facet Marczyk, Joanna
Ziejewska, Celina
Pławecka, Kinga
Bąk, Agnieszka
Łach, Michał
Korniejenko, Kinga
Hager, Izabela
Mikuła, Janusz
Lin, Wei-Ting
Hebda, Marek
author_sort Marczyk, Joanna
collection PubMed
description Geopolymer concretes can be a viable alternative to conventional Portland cement-based materials. In their design, it is important to maintain an appropriate liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), which affects several properties, such as the compressive strength, water absorption, and frost resistance. The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of the fly-ash and metakaolin precursor types for three different L/S ratios: 0.30, 0.35, and 0.45. The results of the physical and mechanical properties, including the apparent density and compressive strength, as well the durability parameters, including frost resistance and water penetration depth, are presented in this paper. It was found that as the L/S ratio decreased, the average compressive strength increased for all materials. After freeze–thaw cycles, decreases in the compressive strength properties were observed for all types of materials—metakaolin- and fly ash-based—irrespective of the L/S ratio. Moreover, the frost resistance of geopolymers increased with the increase in the L/S ratio. The printability of the mixes was also verified in order to confirm the application of the developed materials to additive manufacturing processes.
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spelling pubmed-91039172022-05-14 Optimizing the L/S Ratio in Geopolymers for the Production of Large-Size Elements with 3D Printing Technology Marczyk, Joanna Ziejewska, Celina Pławecka, Kinga Bąk, Agnieszka Łach, Michał Korniejenko, Kinga Hager, Izabela Mikuła, Janusz Lin, Wei-Ting Hebda, Marek Materials (Basel) Article Geopolymer concretes can be a viable alternative to conventional Portland cement-based materials. In their design, it is important to maintain an appropriate liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), which affects several properties, such as the compressive strength, water absorption, and frost resistance. The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of the fly-ash and metakaolin precursor types for three different L/S ratios: 0.30, 0.35, and 0.45. The results of the physical and mechanical properties, including the apparent density and compressive strength, as well the durability parameters, including frost resistance and water penetration depth, are presented in this paper. It was found that as the L/S ratio decreased, the average compressive strength increased for all materials. After freeze–thaw cycles, decreases in the compressive strength properties were observed for all types of materials—metakaolin- and fly ash-based—irrespective of the L/S ratio. Moreover, the frost resistance of geopolymers increased with the increase in the L/S ratio. The printability of the mixes was also verified in order to confirm the application of the developed materials to additive manufacturing processes. MDPI 2022-05-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9103917/ /pubmed/35591696 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093362 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Marczyk, Joanna
Ziejewska, Celina
Pławecka, Kinga
Bąk, Agnieszka
Łach, Michał
Korniejenko, Kinga
Hager, Izabela
Mikuła, Janusz
Lin, Wei-Ting
Hebda, Marek
Optimizing the L/S Ratio in Geopolymers for the Production of Large-Size Elements with 3D Printing Technology
title Optimizing the L/S Ratio in Geopolymers for the Production of Large-Size Elements with 3D Printing Technology
title_full Optimizing the L/S Ratio in Geopolymers for the Production of Large-Size Elements with 3D Printing Technology
title_fullStr Optimizing the L/S Ratio in Geopolymers for the Production of Large-Size Elements with 3D Printing Technology
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing the L/S Ratio in Geopolymers for the Production of Large-Size Elements with 3D Printing Technology
title_short Optimizing the L/S Ratio in Geopolymers for the Production of Large-Size Elements with 3D Printing Technology
title_sort optimizing the l/s ratio in geopolymers for the production of large-size elements with 3d printing technology
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103917/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35591696
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093362
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