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Application of Sulfur and Peroxide Curing Systems for Cross-Linking of Rubber Composites Filled with Calcium Lignosulfonate
Calcium lignosulfonate in different loadings was applied to the rubber matrix based on EPDM. A sulfur curing system, organic peroxide, and a combination of organic peroxide with two coagent types were used for cross-linking of rubber compounds. The work was focused on the investigation of filler con...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103945/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35567090 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091921 |
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author | Kruželák, Ján Hložeková, Klaudia Kvasničáková, Andrea Tomanová, Katarína Hudec, Ivan |
author_facet | Kruželák, Ján Hložeková, Klaudia Kvasničáková, Andrea Tomanová, Katarína Hudec, Ivan |
author_sort | Kruželák, Ján |
collection | PubMed |
description | Calcium lignosulfonate in different loadings was applied to the rubber matrix based on EPDM. A sulfur curing system, organic peroxide, and a combination of organic peroxide with two coagent types were used for cross-linking of rubber compounds. The work was focused on the investigation of filler content and curing system composition in the curing process, cross-link density, morphology, and physical–mechanical properties of composites. The achieved results demonstrated that the curing parameters of rubber compounds cured with the sulfur system were significantly different from those cured with peroxide systems. There was also an observed different influence of curing systems composition on cross link density, though in all cases, the degree of cross-linking showed a decreasing trend with increasing content of lignosulfonate. The tensile strength of the composites cured with sulfur system and organic peroxide was comparable, regardless of lignosulfonate loading. This points to the application of both curing systems in cross-linking of rubber compounds with biopolymer filler. However, the introduction of coagents in peroxide vulcanization led to the improvement of adhesion and compatibility between the rubber and the filler on the filler–rubber interface. This subsequently resulted in the improvement of the tensile characteristics of composites. The introduction of organic peroxide in combination with coagent seems to be a very simple and efficient way for the preparation of biopolymer-filled composites with applicable physical–mechanical properties. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9103945 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91039452022-05-14 Application of Sulfur and Peroxide Curing Systems for Cross-Linking of Rubber Composites Filled with Calcium Lignosulfonate Kruželák, Ján Hložeková, Klaudia Kvasničáková, Andrea Tomanová, Katarína Hudec, Ivan Polymers (Basel) Article Calcium lignosulfonate in different loadings was applied to the rubber matrix based on EPDM. A sulfur curing system, organic peroxide, and a combination of organic peroxide with two coagent types were used for cross-linking of rubber compounds. The work was focused on the investigation of filler content and curing system composition in the curing process, cross-link density, morphology, and physical–mechanical properties of composites. The achieved results demonstrated that the curing parameters of rubber compounds cured with the sulfur system were significantly different from those cured with peroxide systems. There was also an observed different influence of curing systems composition on cross link density, though in all cases, the degree of cross-linking showed a decreasing trend with increasing content of lignosulfonate. The tensile strength of the composites cured with sulfur system and organic peroxide was comparable, regardless of lignosulfonate loading. This points to the application of both curing systems in cross-linking of rubber compounds with biopolymer filler. However, the introduction of coagents in peroxide vulcanization led to the improvement of adhesion and compatibility between the rubber and the filler on the filler–rubber interface. This subsequently resulted in the improvement of the tensile characteristics of composites. The introduction of organic peroxide in combination with coagent seems to be a very simple and efficient way for the preparation of biopolymer-filled composites with applicable physical–mechanical properties. MDPI 2022-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9103945/ /pubmed/35567090 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091921 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kruželák, Ján Hložeková, Klaudia Kvasničáková, Andrea Tomanová, Katarína Hudec, Ivan Application of Sulfur and Peroxide Curing Systems for Cross-Linking of Rubber Composites Filled with Calcium Lignosulfonate |
title | Application of Sulfur and Peroxide Curing Systems for Cross-Linking of Rubber Composites Filled with Calcium Lignosulfonate |
title_full | Application of Sulfur and Peroxide Curing Systems for Cross-Linking of Rubber Composites Filled with Calcium Lignosulfonate |
title_fullStr | Application of Sulfur and Peroxide Curing Systems for Cross-Linking of Rubber Composites Filled with Calcium Lignosulfonate |
title_full_unstemmed | Application of Sulfur and Peroxide Curing Systems for Cross-Linking of Rubber Composites Filled with Calcium Lignosulfonate |
title_short | Application of Sulfur and Peroxide Curing Systems for Cross-Linking of Rubber Composites Filled with Calcium Lignosulfonate |
title_sort | application of sulfur and peroxide curing systems for cross-linking of rubber composites filled with calcium lignosulfonate |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103945/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35567090 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091921 |
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