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SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE: Mechanisms of Kinetochore–Microtubule Error Correction
For correct chromosome segregation in mitosis, eukaryotic cells must establish chromosome biorientation where sister kinetochores attach to microtubules extending from opposite spindle poles. To establish biorientation, any aberrant kinetochore–microtubule interactions must be resolved in the proces...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9104000/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563768 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11091462 |
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author | Tanaka, Tomoyuki U. Zhang, Tongli |
author_facet | Tanaka, Tomoyuki U. Zhang, Tongli |
author_sort | Tanaka, Tomoyuki U. |
collection | PubMed |
description | For correct chromosome segregation in mitosis, eukaryotic cells must establish chromosome biorientation where sister kinetochores attach to microtubules extending from opposite spindle poles. To establish biorientation, any aberrant kinetochore–microtubule interactions must be resolved in the process called error correction. For resolution of the aberrant interactions in error correction, kinetochore–microtubule interactions must be exchanged until biorientation is formed (the SWAP process). At initiation of biorientation, the state of weak kinetochore–microtubule interactions should be converted to the state of stable interactions (the SWITCH process)—the conundrum of this conversion is called the initiation problem of biorientation. Once biorientation is established, tension is applied on kinetochore–microtubule interactions, which stabilizes the interactions (the STABILIZE process). Aurora B kinase plays central roles in promoting error correction, and Mps1 kinase and Stu2 microtubule polymerase also play important roles. In this article, we review mechanisms of error correction by considering the SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE processes. We mainly focus on mechanisms found in budding yeast, where only one microtubule attaches to a single kinetochore at biorientation, making the error correction mechanisms relatively simpler. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9104000 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91040002022-05-14 SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE: Mechanisms of Kinetochore–Microtubule Error Correction Tanaka, Tomoyuki U. Zhang, Tongli Cells Review For correct chromosome segregation in mitosis, eukaryotic cells must establish chromosome biorientation where sister kinetochores attach to microtubules extending from opposite spindle poles. To establish biorientation, any aberrant kinetochore–microtubule interactions must be resolved in the process called error correction. For resolution of the aberrant interactions in error correction, kinetochore–microtubule interactions must be exchanged until biorientation is formed (the SWAP process). At initiation of biorientation, the state of weak kinetochore–microtubule interactions should be converted to the state of stable interactions (the SWITCH process)—the conundrum of this conversion is called the initiation problem of biorientation. Once biorientation is established, tension is applied on kinetochore–microtubule interactions, which stabilizes the interactions (the STABILIZE process). Aurora B kinase plays central roles in promoting error correction, and Mps1 kinase and Stu2 microtubule polymerase also play important roles. In this article, we review mechanisms of error correction by considering the SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE processes. We mainly focus on mechanisms found in budding yeast, where only one microtubule attaches to a single kinetochore at biorientation, making the error correction mechanisms relatively simpler. MDPI 2022-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9104000/ /pubmed/35563768 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11091462 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Tanaka, Tomoyuki U. Zhang, Tongli SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE: Mechanisms of Kinetochore–Microtubule Error Correction |
title | SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE: Mechanisms of Kinetochore–Microtubule Error Correction |
title_full | SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE: Mechanisms of Kinetochore–Microtubule Error Correction |
title_fullStr | SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE: Mechanisms of Kinetochore–Microtubule Error Correction |
title_full_unstemmed | SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE: Mechanisms of Kinetochore–Microtubule Error Correction |
title_short | SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE: Mechanisms of Kinetochore–Microtubule Error Correction |
title_sort | swap, switch, and stabilize: mechanisms of kinetochore–microtubule error correction |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9104000/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563768 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11091462 |
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