Cargando…
Identification of Potential Harmful Transformation Products of Selected Micropollutants in Outdoor and Indoor Swimming Pool Water
This paper presents the estimation of micropollutant decomposition effectiveness and the identification of transformation intermediates formed during selected processes used in the treatment of swimming pool water. Tests were carried out under both indoor and outdoor conditions to simulate the remov...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9104222/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35565054 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095660 |
_version_ | 1784707742122901504 |
---|---|
author | Kudlek, Edyta Lempart-Rapacewicz, Anna Dudziak, Mariusz |
author_facet | Kudlek, Edyta Lempart-Rapacewicz, Anna Dudziak, Mariusz |
author_sort | Kudlek, Edyta |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper presents the estimation of micropollutant decomposition effectiveness and the identification of transformation intermediates formed during selected processes used in the treatment of swimming pool water. Tests were carried out under both indoor and outdoor conditions to simulate the removal of contaminants in different types of pool water basins. Model swimming pool water spiked with caffeine, carbamazepine, bisphenol A and oxadiazon were subjected to chlorination, ozonation, UV radiation, and artificial and sun lightening, carried out as single or combined processes. It was noted that organic micropollutants decompose faster during exposure to natural sunlight than artificial lighting. Caffeine and carbamazepine belong to compounds that are resistant to single ozone or light decomposition. Bisphenol A was completely removed by the action of the chlorination agent NaOCl. The highest compound removal degrees were noted for the integrated action of natural sunlight, NaOCl and O(3). This process allows also for the decomposition of all caffeine and oxadiazon decomposition by-products that potentially are toxic to swimming pool users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9104222 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91042222022-05-14 Identification of Potential Harmful Transformation Products of Selected Micropollutants in Outdoor and Indoor Swimming Pool Water Kudlek, Edyta Lempart-Rapacewicz, Anna Dudziak, Mariusz Int J Environ Res Public Health Article This paper presents the estimation of micropollutant decomposition effectiveness and the identification of transformation intermediates formed during selected processes used in the treatment of swimming pool water. Tests were carried out under both indoor and outdoor conditions to simulate the removal of contaminants in different types of pool water basins. Model swimming pool water spiked with caffeine, carbamazepine, bisphenol A and oxadiazon were subjected to chlorination, ozonation, UV radiation, and artificial and sun lightening, carried out as single or combined processes. It was noted that organic micropollutants decompose faster during exposure to natural sunlight than artificial lighting. Caffeine and carbamazepine belong to compounds that are resistant to single ozone or light decomposition. Bisphenol A was completely removed by the action of the chlorination agent NaOCl. The highest compound removal degrees were noted for the integrated action of natural sunlight, NaOCl and O(3). This process allows also for the decomposition of all caffeine and oxadiazon decomposition by-products that potentially are toxic to swimming pool users. MDPI 2022-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9104222/ /pubmed/35565054 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095660 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kudlek, Edyta Lempart-Rapacewicz, Anna Dudziak, Mariusz Identification of Potential Harmful Transformation Products of Selected Micropollutants in Outdoor and Indoor Swimming Pool Water |
title | Identification of Potential Harmful Transformation Products of Selected Micropollutants in Outdoor and Indoor Swimming Pool Water |
title_full | Identification of Potential Harmful Transformation Products of Selected Micropollutants in Outdoor and Indoor Swimming Pool Water |
title_fullStr | Identification of Potential Harmful Transformation Products of Selected Micropollutants in Outdoor and Indoor Swimming Pool Water |
title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Potential Harmful Transformation Products of Selected Micropollutants in Outdoor and Indoor Swimming Pool Water |
title_short | Identification of Potential Harmful Transformation Products of Selected Micropollutants in Outdoor and Indoor Swimming Pool Water |
title_sort | identification of potential harmful transformation products of selected micropollutants in outdoor and indoor swimming pool water |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9104222/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35565054 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095660 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kudlekedyta identificationofpotentialharmfultransformationproductsofselectedmicropollutantsinoutdoorandindoorswimmingpoolwater AT lempartrapacewiczanna identificationofpotentialharmfultransformationproductsofselectedmicropollutantsinoutdoorandindoorswimmingpoolwater AT dudziakmariusz identificationofpotentialharmfultransformationproductsofselectedmicropollutantsinoutdoorandindoorswimmingpoolwater |