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Extracellular vesicles: Their functions in plant–pathogen interactions

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are rounded vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane, released by eukaryotic cells and by bacteria. They carry various types of bioactive substances, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Depending on their cargo, EVs have a variety of well‐studied function...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Qingfeng, Ma, Kang, Hu, Huanhuan, Xing, Xiaolong, Huang, Xuan, Gao, Hang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9104264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34873812
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13170
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author Zhou, Qingfeng
Ma, Kang
Hu, Huanhuan
Xing, Xiaolong
Huang, Xuan
Gao, Hang
author_facet Zhou, Qingfeng
Ma, Kang
Hu, Huanhuan
Xing, Xiaolong
Huang, Xuan
Gao, Hang
author_sort Zhou, Qingfeng
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are rounded vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane, released by eukaryotic cells and by bacteria. They carry various types of bioactive substances, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Depending on their cargo, EVs have a variety of well‐studied functions in mammalian systems, including cell‐to‐cell communication, cancer progression, and pathogenesis. In contrast, EVs in plant cells (which have rigid walls) have received very little research attention for many decades. Increasing evidence during the past decade indicates that both plant cells and plant pathogens are able to produce and secrete EVs, and that such EVs play key roles in plant–pathogen interactions. Plant EVs contains small RNAs (sRNAs) and defence‐related proteins, and may be taken up by pathogenic fungi, resulting in reduced virulence. On the other hand, EVs released by gram‐negative bacteria contain a wide variety of effectors and small molecules capable of activating plant immune responses via pattern‐recognition receptor‐ and BRI1‐ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE‐ and SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1‐mediated signalling pathways, and salicylic acid‐dependent and ‐independent processes. The roles of EVs in plant–pathogen interactions are summarized in this review, with emphasis on important molecules (sRNAs, proteins) present in plant EVs.
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spelling pubmed-91042642022-05-18 Extracellular vesicles: Their functions in plant–pathogen interactions Zhou, Qingfeng Ma, Kang Hu, Huanhuan Xing, Xiaolong Huang, Xuan Gao, Hang Mol Plant Pathol Reviews Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are rounded vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane, released by eukaryotic cells and by bacteria. They carry various types of bioactive substances, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Depending on their cargo, EVs have a variety of well‐studied functions in mammalian systems, including cell‐to‐cell communication, cancer progression, and pathogenesis. In contrast, EVs in plant cells (which have rigid walls) have received very little research attention for many decades. Increasing evidence during the past decade indicates that both plant cells and plant pathogens are able to produce and secrete EVs, and that such EVs play key roles in plant–pathogen interactions. Plant EVs contains small RNAs (sRNAs) and defence‐related proteins, and may be taken up by pathogenic fungi, resulting in reduced virulence. On the other hand, EVs released by gram‐negative bacteria contain a wide variety of effectors and small molecules capable of activating plant immune responses via pattern‐recognition receptor‐ and BRI1‐ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE‐ and SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1‐mediated signalling pathways, and salicylic acid‐dependent and ‐independent processes. The roles of EVs in plant–pathogen interactions are summarized in this review, with emphasis on important molecules (sRNAs, proteins) present in plant EVs. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9104264/ /pubmed/34873812 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13170 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Reviews
Zhou, Qingfeng
Ma, Kang
Hu, Huanhuan
Xing, Xiaolong
Huang, Xuan
Gao, Hang
Extracellular vesicles: Their functions in plant–pathogen interactions
title Extracellular vesicles: Their functions in plant–pathogen interactions
title_full Extracellular vesicles: Their functions in plant–pathogen interactions
title_fullStr Extracellular vesicles: Their functions in plant–pathogen interactions
title_full_unstemmed Extracellular vesicles: Their functions in plant–pathogen interactions
title_short Extracellular vesicles: Their functions in plant–pathogen interactions
title_sort extracellular vesicles: their functions in plant–pathogen interactions
topic Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9104264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34873812
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13170
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