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Production of Cellulose Nano-Fibers and Its Application in Poly-Lactic-Acid: Property Improvement by New Types of Coupling Agents
Poly-lactic-acid is a biopolymer that can be an attractive alternative to replace petroleum-based polymers. It has advanced mechanical properties, melts easily with less energy consumption, and can be used to produce biodegradable plastics using renewable sources. However, some of the properties of...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9104889/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35567056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091887 |
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author | Lozano Fernandez, Maria Elena Miskolczi, Norbert |
author_facet | Lozano Fernandez, Maria Elena Miskolczi, Norbert |
author_sort | Lozano Fernandez, Maria Elena |
collection | PubMed |
description | Poly-lactic-acid is a biopolymer that can be an attractive alternative to replace petroleum-based polymers. It has advanced mechanical properties, melts easily with less energy consumption, and can be used to produce biodegradable plastics using renewable sources. However, some of the properties of poly-lactic-acid are inferior to those of traditional polymers: e.g., intensive farming is necessary for high agricultural yield, the composting needs special conditions, it is difficult to blend with other commonly used plastics, expensive, high permeability, etc. Therefore, the present work seeks to improve the structure and mechanical properties of the poly-lactic-acid incorporated by cellulose nano-fibers obtained from rice straw by a chemical acidic treatment. The fibers were incorporated into the poly-lactic-acid polymer matrix in a concentration of 1% by two-roll mill. To improve the incorporation of the fibers in the matrix, different coupling agents were used: PE-g-MA, vinyl trimethoxy silane, polyethylene-glycol with different molecular weight, and two types of experimentally synthetized α-olefin-maleic anhydride-based copolymers. The properties of the final composite could be improved, however those depend on the coupling agent to be used. The improving effect of the tested chemicals had been depended on the temperature. Based on structure analysis, both chemical and physical interactions were proposed between the cellulose nanofiber and polymer matrix. The thermogravimetric and viscosity results well represented the softener effect of the used chemical agents. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9104889 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91048892022-05-14 Production of Cellulose Nano-Fibers and Its Application in Poly-Lactic-Acid: Property Improvement by New Types of Coupling Agents Lozano Fernandez, Maria Elena Miskolczi, Norbert Polymers (Basel) Article Poly-lactic-acid is a biopolymer that can be an attractive alternative to replace petroleum-based polymers. It has advanced mechanical properties, melts easily with less energy consumption, and can be used to produce biodegradable plastics using renewable sources. However, some of the properties of poly-lactic-acid are inferior to those of traditional polymers: e.g., intensive farming is necessary for high agricultural yield, the composting needs special conditions, it is difficult to blend with other commonly used plastics, expensive, high permeability, etc. Therefore, the present work seeks to improve the structure and mechanical properties of the poly-lactic-acid incorporated by cellulose nano-fibers obtained from rice straw by a chemical acidic treatment. The fibers were incorporated into the poly-lactic-acid polymer matrix in a concentration of 1% by two-roll mill. To improve the incorporation of the fibers in the matrix, different coupling agents were used: PE-g-MA, vinyl trimethoxy silane, polyethylene-glycol with different molecular weight, and two types of experimentally synthetized α-olefin-maleic anhydride-based copolymers. The properties of the final composite could be improved, however those depend on the coupling agent to be used. The improving effect of the tested chemicals had been depended on the temperature. Based on structure analysis, both chemical and physical interactions were proposed between the cellulose nanofiber and polymer matrix. The thermogravimetric and viscosity results well represented the softener effect of the used chemical agents. MDPI 2022-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9104889/ /pubmed/35567056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091887 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lozano Fernandez, Maria Elena Miskolczi, Norbert Production of Cellulose Nano-Fibers and Its Application in Poly-Lactic-Acid: Property Improvement by New Types of Coupling Agents |
title | Production of Cellulose Nano-Fibers and Its Application in Poly-Lactic-Acid: Property Improvement by New Types of Coupling Agents |
title_full | Production of Cellulose Nano-Fibers and Its Application in Poly-Lactic-Acid: Property Improvement by New Types of Coupling Agents |
title_fullStr | Production of Cellulose Nano-Fibers and Its Application in Poly-Lactic-Acid: Property Improvement by New Types of Coupling Agents |
title_full_unstemmed | Production of Cellulose Nano-Fibers and Its Application in Poly-Lactic-Acid: Property Improvement by New Types of Coupling Agents |
title_short | Production of Cellulose Nano-Fibers and Its Application in Poly-Lactic-Acid: Property Improvement by New Types of Coupling Agents |
title_sort | production of cellulose nano-fibers and its application in poly-lactic-acid: property improvement by new types of coupling agents |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9104889/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35567056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091887 |
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