Sport Activity Load and Skeletomuscular Robustness in Elite Youth Athletes
In an earlier report, bone mineral reference values for young athletes were developed. This study addressed variations in bone mineral parameters of young athletes participating in sports with different mechanical loads. The bone mineral status of 1793 male and female athletes, 11 to 20 years of age...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9104919/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35564478 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095083 |
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author | Kalabiska, Irina Zsakai, Annamaria Annar, Dorina Malina, Robert M. Szabo, Tamas |
author_facet | Kalabiska, Irina Zsakai, Annamaria Annar, Dorina Malina, Robert M. Szabo, Tamas |
author_sort | Kalabiska, Irina |
collection | PubMed |
description | In an earlier report, bone mineral reference values for young athletes were developed. This study addressed variations in bone mineral parameters of young athletes participating in sports with different mechanical loads. The bone mineral status of 1793 male and female athletes, 11 to 20 years of age, in several sports was measured with DEXA. Specific bone mineral parameters were converted to z-scores relative to age- and sex-specific reference values specified by the DEXA software. Z-score profiles and principal components analyses were used to identify body structural components in the young athletes and to evaluate the associations between the identified component and type of sport defined by mechanical load. A unique skeletomuscular robusticity of male wrestlers, pentathletes, and cyclists was noted: wrestlers had significantly more developed skeletomuscular robusticity and bone mineral density compared to the age-group average among elite athletes, while pentathletes and cyclists had lower bone mineral parameters than the age-group references among elite athletes. Among female athletes, bone mineral parameters of both the trunk and extremities of rhythmic gymnasts and pentathletes were significantly lower compared to the age-group means for elite athletes. The bone mineral development of elite young athletes varies with the impact forces associated with their respective sports. The skeletal development of cyclists, pentathletes, and rhythmic gymnasts should be monitored regularly as their bone development lags behind that of their athlete peers and the reference for the general population. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9104919 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91049192022-05-14 Sport Activity Load and Skeletomuscular Robustness in Elite Youth Athletes Kalabiska, Irina Zsakai, Annamaria Annar, Dorina Malina, Robert M. Szabo, Tamas Int J Environ Res Public Health Article In an earlier report, bone mineral reference values for young athletes were developed. This study addressed variations in bone mineral parameters of young athletes participating in sports with different mechanical loads. The bone mineral status of 1793 male and female athletes, 11 to 20 years of age, in several sports was measured with DEXA. Specific bone mineral parameters were converted to z-scores relative to age- and sex-specific reference values specified by the DEXA software. Z-score profiles and principal components analyses were used to identify body structural components in the young athletes and to evaluate the associations between the identified component and type of sport defined by mechanical load. A unique skeletomuscular robusticity of male wrestlers, pentathletes, and cyclists was noted: wrestlers had significantly more developed skeletomuscular robusticity and bone mineral density compared to the age-group average among elite athletes, while pentathletes and cyclists had lower bone mineral parameters than the age-group references among elite athletes. Among female athletes, bone mineral parameters of both the trunk and extremities of rhythmic gymnasts and pentathletes were significantly lower compared to the age-group means for elite athletes. The bone mineral development of elite young athletes varies with the impact forces associated with their respective sports. The skeletal development of cyclists, pentathletes, and rhythmic gymnasts should be monitored regularly as their bone development lags behind that of their athlete peers and the reference for the general population. MDPI 2022-04-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9104919/ /pubmed/35564478 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095083 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kalabiska, Irina Zsakai, Annamaria Annar, Dorina Malina, Robert M. Szabo, Tamas Sport Activity Load and Skeletomuscular Robustness in Elite Youth Athletes |
title | Sport Activity Load and Skeletomuscular Robustness in Elite Youth Athletes |
title_full | Sport Activity Load and Skeletomuscular Robustness in Elite Youth Athletes |
title_fullStr | Sport Activity Load and Skeletomuscular Robustness in Elite Youth Athletes |
title_full_unstemmed | Sport Activity Load and Skeletomuscular Robustness in Elite Youth Athletes |
title_short | Sport Activity Load and Skeletomuscular Robustness in Elite Youth Athletes |
title_sort | sport activity load and skeletomuscular robustness in elite youth athletes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9104919/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35564478 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095083 |
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