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Pandemic Preparedness: The Importance of Adequate Immune Fitness
Pandemic preparedness is an important issue in relation to future pandemics. The two studies described here aimed to identify factors predicting the presence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms. The CLOFIT study comprised an online survey among the Dutch population (n = 1415...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9105032/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35566568 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092442 |
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author | Kiani, Pantea Balikji, Jessica Kraneveld, Aletta D. Garssen, Johan Bruce, Gillian Verster, Joris C. |
author_facet | Kiani, Pantea Balikji, Jessica Kraneveld, Aletta D. Garssen, Johan Bruce, Gillian Verster, Joris C. |
author_sort | Kiani, Pantea |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pandemic preparedness is an important issue in relation to future pandemics. The two studies described here aimed to identify factors predicting the presence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms. The CLOFIT study comprised an online survey among the Dutch population (n = 1415). Perceived immune fitness before the pandemic (2019) and during the first lockdown period (15 March–11 May 2020) and the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms were assessed. The COTEST study, conducted between December 2020 and June 2021, replicated the CLOFIT study in n = 925 participants who were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Dutch commercial test locations. The CLOFIT study revealed that immune fitness before the pandemic was the greatest predictor of the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms (20.1% and 19.8%, respectively). Other significant predictors included immune fitness during the lockdown (5.5% and 7.1%, respectively), and having underlying diseases (0.4% and 0.5%, respectively). In the COTEST study, for those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, immune fitness before the pandemic was the single predictor of the number (27.2%) and severity (33.1%) of COVID-19 symptoms during the pandemic. In conclusion, for those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, immune fitness before the pandemic was the strongest predictor of the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms during the pandemic. Therefore, the development of strategies to maintain an adequate immune fitness must be regarded as an essential component of pandemic preparedness. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9105032 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91050322022-05-14 Pandemic Preparedness: The Importance of Adequate Immune Fitness Kiani, Pantea Balikji, Jessica Kraneveld, Aletta D. Garssen, Johan Bruce, Gillian Verster, Joris C. J Clin Med Article Pandemic preparedness is an important issue in relation to future pandemics. The two studies described here aimed to identify factors predicting the presence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms. The CLOFIT study comprised an online survey among the Dutch population (n = 1415). Perceived immune fitness before the pandemic (2019) and during the first lockdown period (15 March–11 May 2020) and the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms were assessed. The COTEST study, conducted between December 2020 and June 2021, replicated the CLOFIT study in n = 925 participants who were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Dutch commercial test locations. The CLOFIT study revealed that immune fitness before the pandemic was the greatest predictor of the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms (20.1% and 19.8%, respectively). Other significant predictors included immune fitness during the lockdown (5.5% and 7.1%, respectively), and having underlying diseases (0.4% and 0.5%, respectively). In the COTEST study, for those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, immune fitness before the pandemic was the single predictor of the number (27.2%) and severity (33.1%) of COVID-19 symptoms during the pandemic. In conclusion, for those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, immune fitness before the pandemic was the strongest predictor of the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms during the pandemic. Therefore, the development of strategies to maintain an adequate immune fitness must be regarded as an essential component of pandemic preparedness. MDPI 2022-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9105032/ /pubmed/35566568 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092442 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kiani, Pantea Balikji, Jessica Kraneveld, Aletta D. Garssen, Johan Bruce, Gillian Verster, Joris C. Pandemic Preparedness: The Importance of Adequate Immune Fitness |
title | Pandemic Preparedness: The Importance of Adequate Immune Fitness |
title_full | Pandemic Preparedness: The Importance of Adequate Immune Fitness |
title_fullStr | Pandemic Preparedness: The Importance of Adequate Immune Fitness |
title_full_unstemmed | Pandemic Preparedness: The Importance of Adequate Immune Fitness |
title_short | Pandemic Preparedness: The Importance of Adequate Immune Fitness |
title_sort | pandemic preparedness: the importance of adequate immune fitness |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9105032/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35566568 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092442 |
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