Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Azo Disperse Dyes for Dyeing Polyester Fabrics: Our Contributions over the Past Decade

Organic reactions utilizing the microwave strategy have become able to conduct in shorter times, with higher yields, and are compatible with green chemistry protocols. In recent years, microwave technologies as an effective agent in organic synthesis have been successful utilized in textile industries and for the synthesis of dyes, especially disperse dyes. Herein, we present our contributions over the past decade through the use of microwave technology not only in the synthesis of new biologically active organic compounds and disperse dyes, but also the use of this effective, environmentally friendly technology in dyeing polyester fabrics as an alternative to conventional heating methods. We also demonstrate both the fastness properties and biological activities of the newly prepared compounds. In addition, we present the treatment of dyeing baths by reusing them again in the dyeing process, using microwave energy to achieve this goal, and this has environmentally friendly dimensions. Some of the possible utilizations of microwave irradiation have been presented in many different fields of chemistry. We recommend relying on this effective and environmentally safe technology instead of relying on conventional methods that take a lot of time, give low yields, and may have a negative impact on the environment.