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Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic N-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed
Carcinogenic N-nitrosamine contamination in certain drugs has recently caused great concern and the attention of regulatory agencies. These carcinogens—widely detectable in relatively low levels in food, water, cosmetics, and drugs—are well-established and powerful animal carcinogens. The electrophi...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9105260/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35562949 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094559 |
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author | Li, Yupeng Hecht, Stephen S. |
author_facet | Li, Yupeng Hecht, Stephen S. |
author_sort | Li, Yupeng |
collection | PubMed |
description | Carcinogenic N-nitrosamine contamination in certain drugs has recently caused great concern and the attention of regulatory agencies. These carcinogens—widely detectable in relatively low levels in food, water, cosmetics, and drugs—are well-established and powerful animal carcinogens. The electrophiles resulting from the cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of N-nitrosamines can readily react with DNA and form covalent addition products (DNA adducts) that play a central role in carcinogenesis if not repaired. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive and updated review of progress on the metabolic activation and DNA interactions of 10 carcinogenic N-nitrosamines to which humans are commonly exposed. Certain DNA adducts such as O(6)-methylguanine with established miscoding properties play central roles in the cancer induction process, whereas others have been linked to the high incidence of certain types of cancers. We hope the data summarized here will help researchers gain a better understanding of the bioactivation and DNA interactions of these 10 carcinogenic N-nitrosamines and facilitate further research on their toxicologic and carcinogenic properties. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9105260 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91052602022-05-14 Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic N-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed Li, Yupeng Hecht, Stephen S. Int J Mol Sci Review Carcinogenic N-nitrosamine contamination in certain drugs has recently caused great concern and the attention of regulatory agencies. These carcinogens—widely detectable in relatively low levels in food, water, cosmetics, and drugs—are well-established and powerful animal carcinogens. The electrophiles resulting from the cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of N-nitrosamines can readily react with DNA and form covalent addition products (DNA adducts) that play a central role in carcinogenesis if not repaired. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive and updated review of progress on the metabolic activation and DNA interactions of 10 carcinogenic N-nitrosamines to which humans are commonly exposed. Certain DNA adducts such as O(6)-methylguanine with established miscoding properties play central roles in the cancer induction process, whereas others have been linked to the high incidence of certain types of cancers. We hope the data summarized here will help researchers gain a better understanding of the bioactivation and DNA interactions of these 10 carcinogenic N-nitrosamines and facilitate further research on their toxicologic and carcinogenic properties. MDPI 2022-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9105260/ /pubmed/35562949 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094559 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Li, Yupeng Hecht, Stephen S. Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic N-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed |
title | Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic N-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed |
title_full | Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic N-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed |
title_fullStr | Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic N-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed |
title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic N-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed |
title_short | Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic N-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed |
title_sort | metabolic activation and dna interactions of carcinogenic n-nitrosamines to which humans are commonly exposed |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9105260/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35562949 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094559 |
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