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Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study
Cervical cancer is a public health issue with high disease burden and mortality in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were, firstly, to analyze age, period, and cohort effects on cervical cancer mortality in women 20 years old or older from 1980 to 2019 in the North, South, and Southeast Re...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9105639/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35564986 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095591 |
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author | Meira, Karina Cardoso Magnago, Carinne Mendonça, Angelo Braga Duarte, Stephane Fernanda Soares de Freitas, Pedro Henrique Oliveira dos Santos, Juliano de Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra Simões, Taynãna César |
author_facet | Meira, Karina Cardoso Magnago, Carinne Mendonça, Angelo Braga Duarte, Stephane Fernanda Soares de Freitas, Pedro Henrique Oliveira dos Santos, Juliano de Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra Simões, Taynãna César |
author_sort | Meira, Karina Cardoso |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cervical cancer is a public health issue with high disease burden and mortality in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were, firstly, to analyze age, period, and cohort effects on cervical cancer mortality in women 20 years old or older from 1980 to 2019 in the North, South, and Southeast Regions of Brazil; and secondly, to evaluate whether the implementation of a national screening program and the expansion of access to public health services impacted the examined period and reduced the risk of death compared with previous years and among younger cohorts. The effects were estimated by applying Poisson regression models with estimable functions. The highest mortality rate per 100,000 women was found in Amazonas (24.13), and the lowest in São Paulo (10.56). A positive gradient was obtained for death rates as women’s age increased. The states in the most developed regions (South and Southeast) showed a reduction in the risk of death in the period that followed the implementation of the screening program and in the cohort from the 1960s onwards. The North Region showed a decreased risk of death only in Amapá (2000–2004) and Tocantins (1995–2004; 2010–2019). The findings indicate that health inequities remain in Brazil and suggest that the health system has limitations in terms of decreasing mortality associated with this type of cancer in regions of lower socioeconomic development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9105639 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91056392022-05-14 Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study Meira, Karina Cardoso Magnago, Carinne Mendonça, Angelo Braga Duarte, Stephane Fernanda Soares de Freitas, Pedro Henrique Oliveira dos Santos, Juliano de Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra Simões, Taynãna César Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Cervical cancer is a public health issue with high disease burden and mortality in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were, firstly, to analyze age, period, and cohort effects on cervical cancer mortality in women 20 years old or older from 1980 to 2019 in the North, South, and Southeast Regions of Brazil; and secondly, to evaluate whether the implementation of a national screening program and the expansion of access to public health services impacted the examined period and reduced the risk of death compared with previous years and among younger cohorts. The effects were estimated by applying Poisson regression models with estimable functions. The highest mortality rate per 100,000 women was found in Amazonas (24.13), and the lowest in São Paulo (10.56). A positive gradient was obtained for death rates as women’s age increased. The states in the most developed regions (South and Southeast) showed a reduction in the risk of death in the period that followed the implementation of the screening program and in the cohort from the 1960s onwards. The North Region showed a decreased risk of death only in Amapá (2000–2004) and Tocantins (1995–2004; 2010–2019). The findings indicate that health inequities remain in Brazil and suggest that the health system has limitations in terms of decreasing mortality associated with this type of cancer in regions of lower socioeconomic development. MDPI 2022-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9105639/ /pubmed/35564986 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095591 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Meira, Karina Cardoso Magnago, Carinne Mendonça, Angelo Braga Duarte, Stephane Fernanda Soares de Freitas, Pedro Henrique Oliveira dos Santos, Juliano de Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra Simões, Taynãna César Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study |
title | Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study |
title_full | Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study |
title_fullStr | Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study |
title_short | Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study |
title_sort | inequalities in temporal effects on cervical cancer mortality in states in different geographic regions of brazil: an ecological study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9105639/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35564986 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095591 |
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