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Nutritional Intake and Biomarker Status in Strict Raw Food Eaters

Following a strict raw food diet (primarily based on fresh fruit and raw vegetables, waiving any consumption of heated or processed food) has the risk of undersupply of energy and certain macro- and micronutrients. In this cross-sectional study, we compared 16 non-smoking strict raw food eaters (5 w...

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Autores principales: Abraham, Klaus, Trefflich, Iris, Gauch, Fabian, Weikert, Cornelia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9105765/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35565694
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091725
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author Abraham, Klaus
Trefflich, Iris
Gauch, Fabian
Weikert, Cornelia
author_facet Abraham, Klaus
Trefflich, Iris
Gauch, Fabian
Weikert, Cornelia
author_sort Abraham, Klaus
collection PubMed
description Following a strict raw food diet (primarily based on fresh fruit and raw vegetables, waiving any consumption of heated or processed food) has the risk of undersupply of energy and certain macro- and micronutrients. In this cross-sectional study, we compared 16 non-smoking strict raw food eaters (5 women and 11 men, age 44.6 ± 12.3 years, duration of following the diet 11.6 ± 10.8 years) with the non-smoking participants (32 vegans, 27 omnivores) of the “Risk and Benefits of a Vegan Diet” (RBVD) study. We investigated body composition, dietary intake from 3-day weighed food records, and relevant fasting blood and serum parameters. Food choice and dietary behavior were very heterogenic in raw food eaters. They had lower mean values of BMI and percentage of body fat than the respective RBVD participants. The same holds true for energy supply and intakes of protein, carbohydrate, calcium and iodine. Serum levels revealed lower levels of HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, zinc, and vitamin D3. The raw food eaters with (n = 9) and without (n = 7) supplementation of vitamin B12 had median vitamin B12 levels of 399 and 152 ng/L, respectively. Accordingly, eight raw food eaters (50%) had homocysteine levels above 12 µmol/L. The study allows a close look at strict raw food eaters with respect to possible dietary deficiencies, but also provides insights into motivations and daily life.
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spelling pubmed-91057652022-05-14 Nutritional Intake and Biomarker Status in Strict Raw Food Eaters Abraham, Klaus Trefflich, Iris Gauch, Fabian Weikert, Cornelia Nutrients Article Following a strict raw food diet (primarily based on fresh fruit and raw vegetables, waiving any consumption of heated or processed food) has the risk of undersupply of energy and certain macro- and micronutrients. In this cross-sectional study, we compared 16 non-smoking strict raw food eaters (5 women and 11 men, age 44.6 ± 12.3 years, duration of following the diet 11.6 ± 10.8 years) with the non-smoking participants (32 vegans, 27 omnivores) of the “Risk and Benefits of a Vegan Diet” (RBVD) study. We investigated body composition, dietary intake from 3-day weighed food records, and relevant fasting blood and serum parameters. Food choice and dietary behavior were very heterogenic in raw food eaters. They had lower mean values of BMI and percentage of body fat than the respective RBVD participants. The same holds true for energy supply and intakes of protein, carbohydrate, calcium and iodine. Serum levels revealed lower levels of HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, zinc, and vitamin D3. The raw food eaters with (n = 9) and without (n = 7) supplementation of vitamin B12 had median vitamin B12 levels of 399 and 152 ng/L, respectively. Accordingly, eight raw food eaters (50%) had homocysteine levels above 12 µmol/L. The study allows a close look at strict raw food eaters with respect to possible dietary deficiencies, but also provides insights into motivations and daily life. MDPI 2022-04-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9105765/ /pubmed/35565694 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091725 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Abraham, Klaus
Trefflich, Iris
Gauch, Fabian
Weikert, Cornelia
Nutritional Intake and Biomarker Status in Strict Raw Food Eaters
title Nutritional Intake and Biomarker Status in Strict Raw Food Eaters
title_full Nutritional Intake and Biomarker Status in Strict Raw Food Eaters
title_fullStr Nutritional Intake and Biomarker Status in Strict Raw Food Eaters
title_full_unstemmed Nutritional Intake and Biomarker Status in Strict Raw Food Eaters
title_short Nutritional Intake and Biomarker Status in Strict Raw Food Eaters
title_sort nutritional intake and biomarker status in strict raw food eaters
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9105765/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35565694
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091725
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