Effect of Stability of Two-Dimensional (2D) Aminoethyl Methacrylate Perovskite Using Lead-Based Materials for Ammonia Gas Sensor Application

Changes in physical properties of (H(2)C=C(CH(3))CO(2)CH(2)CH(2)NH(3))(2)PbI(2)Cl(2) and (H(2)C=C(CH(3))CO(2)CH(2)CH(2)NH(3))(2)Pb(NO(3))(2)Cl(2) (2D) perovskite materials from iodide-based (I-AMP) and nitrate-based (N-AMP) leads were investigated at different durations (days) for various storage conditions. UV-Vis spectra of both samples showed an absorption band of around λ(max) 420 nm due to the transition of n to π* of ethylene (C=C) and amine (NH(2)). XRD perovskite peaks could be observed at approximately 25.35° (I-AMP) and 23.1° (N-AMP). However, a major shift in I-AMP and dramatic changes in the crystallite size, FHWM and crystallinity percentage highlighted the instability of the iodide-based material. In contrast, N-AMP showed superior stability with 96.76% crystallinity even at D20 under the S condition. Both materials were exposed to ammonia (NH(3)) gas, and a new XRD peak of ammonium lead iodide (NH(4)PbI(3)) with a red-shifted perovskite peak (101) was observed for the case of I-AMP. Based on the FWHM, crystallite size, crystallinity and lattice strain analysis, it can be concluded N-AMP’s stability was maintained even after a few days of exposure to the said gases. These novel nitrate-based lead perovskite materials exhibited great potential for stable perovskite 2D materials and recorded less toxicity compared to famous lead iodide (PbI(2)) material.