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Integrated model for Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus to study global sustainability: The water compartments and water stress analysis
Analysis of global sustainability is incomplete without an examination of the FEW nexus. Here, we modify the Generalized Global Sustainability Model (GGSM) to incorporate the global water system and project water stress on the global and regional levels. Five key water-consuming sectors considered h...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9106181/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35559955 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266554 |
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author | Hanumante, Neeraj Shastri, Yogendra Nisal, Apoorva Diwekar, Urmila Cabezas, Heriberto |
author_facet | Hanumante, Neeraj Shastri, Yogendra Nisal, Apoorva Diwekar, Urmila Cabezas, Heriberto |
author_sort | Hanumante, Neeraj |
collection | PubMed |
description | Analysis of global sustainability is incomplete without an examination of the FEW nexus. Here, we modify the Generalized Global Sustainability Model (GGSM) to incorporate the global water system and project water stress on the global and regional levels. Five key water-consuming sectors considered here are agricultural, municipal, energy, industry, and livestock. The regions are created based on the continents, namely, Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America. The sectoral water use intensities and geographical distribution of the water demand were parameterized using historical data. A more realistic and novel indicator is proposed to assess the water situation: net water stress. It considers the water whose utility can be harvested, within economic and technological considerations, rather than the total renewable water resources. Simulation results indicate that overall global water availability is adequate to support the rising water demand in the next century. However, regional heterogeneity of water availability leads to high water stress in Africa. Africa’s maximum net water stress is 140%, so the water demand is expected to be more than total exploitable water resources. Africa might soon cross the 100% threshold/breakeven in 2022. For a population explosion scenario, the intensity of the water crisis for Africa and Asia is expected to rise further, and the maximum net water stress would reach 149% and 97%, respectively. The water use efficiency improvement for the agricultural sector, which reduces the water demand by 30%, could help to delay this crisis significantly. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9106181 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91061812022-05-14 Integrated model for Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus to study global sustainability: The water compartments and water stress analysis Hanumante, Neeraj Shastri, Yogendra Nisal, Apoorva Diwekar, Urmila Cabezas, Heriberto PLoS One Research Article Analysis of global sustainability is incomplete without an examination of the FEW nexus. Here, we modify the Generalized Global Sustainability Model (GGSM) to incorporate the global water system and project water stress on the global and regional levels. Five key water-consuming sectors considered here are agricultural, municipal, energy, industry, and livestock. The regions are created based on the continents, namely, Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America. The sectoral water use intensities and geographical distribution of the water demand were parameterized using historical data. A more realistic and novel indicator is proposed to assess the water situation: net water stress. It considers the water whose utility can be harvested, within economic and technological considerations, rather than the total renewable water resources. Simulation results indicate that overall global water availability is adequate to support the rising water demand in the next century. However, regional heterogeneity of water availability leads to high water stress in Africa. Africa’s maximum net water stress is 140%, so the water demand is expected to be more than total exploitable water resources. Africa might soon cross the 100% threshold/breakeven in 2022. For a population explosion scenario, the intensity of the water crisis for Africa and Asia is expected to rise further, and the maximum net water stress would reach 149% and 97%, respectively. The water use efficiency improvement for the agricultural sector, which reduces the water demand by 30%, could help to delay this crisis significantly. Public Library of Science 2022-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9106181/ /pubmed/35559955 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266554 Text en © 2022 Hanumante et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Hanumante, Neeraj Shastri, Yogendra Nisal, Apoorva Diwekar, Urmila Cabezas, Heriberto Integrated model for Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus to study global sustainability: The water compartments and water stress analysis |
title | Integrated model for Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus to study global sustainability: The water compartments and water stress analysis |
title_full | Integrated model for Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus to study global sustainability: The water compartments and water stress analysis |
title_fullStr | Integrated model for Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus to study global sustainability: The water compartments and water stress analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Integrated model for Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus to study global sustainability: The water compartments and water stress analysis |
title_short | Integrated model for Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus to study global sustainability: The water compartments and water stress analysis |
title_sort | integrated model for food-energy-water (few) nexus to study global sustainability: the water compartments and water stress analysis |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9106181/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35559955 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266554 |
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