Prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions and orthodontic treatment: a retrospective study

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the distribution of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) by tooth type, investigate the prevalence of NCCLs in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, and identify the possible associated factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 160 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Data on the following variables were collected from pre-and post-orthodontic treatment records: age, sex, Angle’s malocclusion, facial pattern, number of activation sessions, compensatory treatment, and retreatment. Frontal, right and left lateral intraoral photographs of each patient were evaluated to identify the presence or absence of NCCLs in each tooth and assess the distribution of NCCLs in the 3840 teeth from the enrolled patients. Furthermore, patients were classified as NCCLs present, irrespective of the number of NCCLs on the teeth or NCCL absent. Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses with robust variance were used to assess the association between the NCCLs and each independent variable. Prevalence ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of NCCLs before and after orthodontic treatment was 22.71% and 30.91%, respectively. Premolars were the most affected teeth, followed by the first molars, canines, and incisors. After statistical analysis, age was found to be the variable factor that influenced the prevalence ratio, with NCCL being the most prevalent when orthodontic treatment was performed in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Premolars were most commonly affected by NCCLs. Furthermore, age seemed to contribute to the increased prevalence of NCCLs in adults undergoing orthodontic treatment.