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Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters cells through angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which expression of its gene increases during pregnancy that is resulted in an enhanced level of the ACE2 enzyme. It might enhance the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its compli...

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Autores principales: Sayad, Babak, Mohseni Afshar, Zeinab, Mansouri, Feizollah, Salimi, Mehdi, Miladi, Ronak, Rahimi, Somayeh, Rahimi, Zohreh, Shirvani, Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Royan Institute 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9108291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35639648
http://dx.doi.org/10.22074/IJFS.2022.539768.1194
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author Sayad, Babak
Mohseni Afshar, Zeinab
Mansouri, Feizollah
Salimi, Mehdi
Miladi, Ronak
Rahimi, Somayeh
Rahimi, Zohreh
Shirvani, Maria
author_facet Sayad, Babak
Mohseni Afshar, Zeinab
Mansouri, Feizollah
Salimi, Mehdi
Miladi, Ronak
Rahimi, Somayeh
Rahimi, Zohreh
Shirvani, Maria
author_sort Sayad, Babak
collection PubMed
description Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters cells through angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which expression of its gene increases during pregnancy that is resulted in an enhanced level of the ACE2 enzyme. It might enhance the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications in the pregnant women. Although, pregnancy hypertensive disorders and severe infection with SARS-CoV-2 are correlated with high comorbidity, these two entities should be discriminated from each other. Also, there is a concern about the risk of preeclampsia and consequently severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) development in the pregnant women. So, to answer these questions, in the present review the literature was surveyed. It seems there is higher severity of COVID-19 among pregnant women than non-pregnant women and more adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, an association between COVID-19 with preeclampsia and the role of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications is suggested. However, infection of the placenta and the SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission is rare. Various mechanisms could explain the role of COVID-19 in the risk of preeclampsia and association between preeclampsia and COVID-19. Suggested mechanisms are included decreased ACE2 activity and imbalance between Ang II and Ang-(1-7) in preeclampsia, association of both of severe forms of COVID-19 and pregnancy hypertensive disorders with comorbidity, and interaction between immune system, inflammatory cytokines and the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and its contribution to the hypertension pathogenesis. It is concluded that preeclampsia and gestational hypertension might be risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications.
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spelling pubmed-91082912022-06-02 Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study Sayad, Babak Mohseni Afshar, Zeinab Mansouri, Feizollah Salimi, Mehdi Miladi, Ronak Rahimi, Somayeh Rahimi, Zohreh Shirvani, Maria Int J Fertil Steril Review Article Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters cells through angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which expression of its gene increases during pregnancy that is resulted in an enhanced level of the ACE2 enzyme. It might enhance the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications in the pregnant women. Although, pregnancy hypertensive disorders and severe infection with SARS-CoV-2 are correlated with high comorbidity, these two entities should be discriminated from each other. Also, there is a concern about the risk of preeclampsia and consequently severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) development in the pregnant women. So, to answer these questions, in the present review the literature was surveyed. It seems there is higher severity of COVID-19 among pregnant women than non-pregnant women and more adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, an association between COVID-19 with preeclampsia and the role of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications is suggested. However, infection of the placenta and the SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission is rare. Various mechanisms could explain the role of COVID-19 in the risk of preeclampsia and association between preeclampsia and COVID-19. Suggested mechanisms are included decreased ACE2 activity and imbalance between Ang II and Ang-(1-7) in preeclampsia, association of both of severe forms of COVID-19 and pregnancy hypertensive disorders with comorbidity, and interaction between immune system, inflammatory cytokines and the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and its contribution to the hypertension pathogenesis. It is concluded that preeclampsia and gestational hypertension might be risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications. Royan Institute 2022 2022-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9108291/ /pubmed/35639648 http://dx.doi.org/10.22074/IJFS.2022.539768.1194 Text en Any use, distribution, reproduction or abstract of this publication in any medium, with the exception of commercial purposes, is permitted provided the original work is properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0) License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Sayad, Babak
Mohseni Afshar, Zeinab
Mansouri, Feizollah
Salimi, Mehdi
Miladi, Ronak
Rahimi, Somayeh
Rahimi, Zohreh
Shirvani, Maria
Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study
title Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study
title_full Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study
title_fullStr Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study
title_full_unstemmed Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study
title_short Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study
title_sort pregnancy, preeclampsia, and covid-19: susceptibility and mechanisms: a review study
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9108291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35639648
http://dx.doi.org/10.22074/IJFS.2022.539768.1194
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