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Regression to the mean in latent change score models: an example involving breastfeeding and intelligence
BACKGROUND: Latent change score models are often used to study change over time in observational data. However, latent change score models may be susceptible to regression to the mean. Earlier observational studies have identified a positive association between breastfeeding and child intelligence,...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9109323/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35578205 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03349-4 |
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author | Sorjonen, Kimmo Nilsonne, Gustav Ingre, Michael Melin, Bo |
author_facet | Sorjonen, Kimmo Nilsonne, Gustav Ingre, Michael Melin, Bo |
author_sort | Sorjonen, Kimmo |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Latent change score models are often used to study change over time in observational data. However, latent change score models may be susceptible to regression to the mean. Earlier observational studies have identified a positive association between breastfeeding and child intelligence, even when adjusting for maternal intelligence. METHOD: In the present study, we investigate regression to the mean in the case of breastfeeding and intelligence of children. We used latent change score modeling to analyze intergenerational change in intelligence, both from mothers to children and backward from children to mothers, in the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) dataset (N = 6283). RESULTS: When analyzing change from mothers to children, breastfeeding was found to have a positive association with intergenerational change in intelligence, whereas when analyzing backward change from children to mothers, a negative association was found. CONCLUSIONS: These discrepant findings highlight a hidden flexibility in the analytical space and call into question the reliability of earlier studies of breastfeeding and intelligence using observational data. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9109323 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91093232022-05-17 Regression to the mean in latent change score models: an example involving breastfeeding and intelligence Sorjonen, Kimmo Nilsonne, Gustav Ingre, Michael Melin, Bo BMC Pediatr Research BACKGROUND: Latent change score models are often used to study change over time in observational data. However, latent change score models may be susceptible to regression to the mean. Earlier observational studies have identified a positive association between breastfeeding and child intelligence, even when adjusting for maternal intelligence. METHOD: In the present study, we investigate regression to the mean in the case of breastfeeding and intelligence of children. We used latent change score modeling to analyze intergenerational change in intelligence, both from mothers to children and backward from children to mothers, in the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) dataset (N = 6283). RESULTS: When analyzing change from mothers to children, breastfeeding was found to have a positive association with intergenerational change in intelligence, whereas when analyzing backward change from children to mothers, a negative association was found. CONCLUSIONS: These discrepant findings highlight a hidden flexibility in the analytical space and call into question the reliability of earlier studies of breastfeeding and intelligence using observational data. BioMed Central 2022-05-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9109323/ /pubmed/35578205 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03349-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Sorjonen, Kimmo Nilsonne, Gustav Ingre, Michael Melin, Bo Regression to the mean in latent change score models: an example involving breastfeeding and intelligence |
title | Regression to the mean in latent change score models: an example involving breastfeeding and intelligence |
title_full | Regression to the mean in latent change score models: an example involving breastfeeding and intelligence |
title_fullStr | Regression to the mean in latent change score models: an example involving breastfeeding and intelligence |
title_full_unstemmed | Regression to the mean in latent change score models: an example involving breastfeeding and intelligence |
title_short | Regression to the mean in latent change score models: an example involving breastfeeding and intelligence |
title_sort | regression to the mean in latent change score models: an example involving breastfeeding and intelligence |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9109323/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35578205 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03349-4 |
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