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HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping success rates and correlates of Dried-blood spots and plasma specimen genotyping failure in a resource-limited setting
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping is critical to the monitoring of antiretroviral treatment. Data on HIV-1 genotyping success rates of different laboratory specimen types from multiple sources is still scarce. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we determined the laboratory genotyping...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9112432/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35581555 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07453-9 |
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author | Omooja, Jonah Bbosa, Nicholas Lule, Dan Bugembe Nannyonjo, Maria Lunkuse, Sandra Nassolo, Faridah Nabirye, Stella Esther Suubi, Hamidah Namagembe Kaleebu, Pontiano Ssemwanga, Deogratius |
author_facet | Omooja, Jonah Bbosa, Nicholas Lule, Dan Bugembe Nannyonjo, Maria Lunkuse, Sandra Nassolo, Faridah Nabirye, Stella Esther Suubi, Hamidah Namagembe Kaleebu, Pontiano Ssemwanga, Deogratius |
author_sort | Omooja, Jonah |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping is critical to the monitoring of antiretroviral treatment. Data on HIV-1 genotyping success rates of different laboratory specimen types from multiple sources is still scarce. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we determined the laboratory genotyping success rates (GSR) and assessed the correlates of genotyping failure of 6837 unpaired dried blood spot (DBS) and plasma specimens. Specimens from multiple studies in a resource-constrained setting were analysed in our laboratory between 2016 and 2019. RESULTS: We noted an overall GSR of 65.7% and specific overall GSR for DBS and plasma of 49.8% and 85.9% respectively. The correlates of genotyping failure were viral load (VL) < 10,000 copies/mL (aOR 0.3 95% CI: 0.24–0.38; p < 0.0001), lack of viral load testing prior to genotyping (OR 0.85 95% CI: 0.77–0.94; p = 0.002), use of DBS specimens (aOR 0.10 95% CI: 0.08–0.14; p < 0.0001) and specimens from routine clinical diagnosis (aOR 1.4 95% CI: 1.10–1.75; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: We report rapidly decreasing HIV-1 genotyping success rates between 2016 and 2019 with increased use of DBS specimens for genotyping and note decreasing median viral loads over the years. We recommend improvement in DBS handling, pre-genotyping viral load testing to screen samples to enhance genotyping success and the development of more sensitive assays with well-designed primers to genotype specimens with low or undetectable viral load, especially in this era where virological suppression rates are rising due to increased antiretroviral therapy roll-out. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9112432 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91124322022-05-18 HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping success rates and correlates of Dried-blood spots and plasma specimen genotyping failure in a resource-limited setting Omooja, Jonah Bbosa, Nicholas Lule, Dan Bugembe Nannyonjo, Maria Lunkuse, Sandra Nassolo, Faridah Nabirye, Stella Esther Suubi, Hamidah Namagembe Kaleebu, Pontiano Ssemwanga, Deogratius BMC Infect Dis Research BACKGROUND: HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping is critical to the monitoring of antiretroviral treatment. Data on HIV-1 genotyping success rates of different laboratory specimen types from multiple sources is still scarce. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we determined the laboratory genotyping success rates (GSR) and assessed the correlates of genotyping failure of 6837 unpaired dried blood spot (DBS) and plasma specimens. Specimens from multiple studies in a resource-constrained setting were analysed in our laboratory between 2016 and 2019. RESULTS: We noted an overall GSR of 65.7% and specific overall GSR for DBS and plasma of 49.8% and 85.9% respectively. The correlates of genotyping failure were viral load (VL) < 10,000 copies/mL (aOR 0.3 95% CI: 0.24–0.38; p < 0.0001), lack of viral load testing prior to genotyping (OR 0.85 95% CI: 0.77–0.94; p = 0.002), use of DBS specimens (aOR 0.10 95% CI: 0.08–0.14; p < 0.0001) and specimens from routine clinical diagnosis (aOR 1.4 95% CI: 1.10–1.75; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: We report rapidly decreasing HIV-1 genotyping success rates between 2016 and 2019 with increased use of DBS specimens for genotyping and note decreasing median viral loads over the years. We recommend improvement in DBS handling, pre-genotyping viral load testing to screen samples to enhance genotyping success and the development of more sensitive assays with well-designed primers to genotype specimens with low or undetectable viral load, especially in this era where virological suppression rates are rising due to increased antiretroviral therapy roll-out. BioMed Central 2022-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9112432/ /pubmed/35581555 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07453-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Omooja, Jonah Bbosa, Nicholas Lule, Dan Bugembe Nannyonjo, Maria Lunkuse, Sandra Nassolo, Faridah Nabirye, Stella Esther Suubi, Hamidah Namagembe Kaleebu, Pontiano Ssemwanga, Deogratius HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping success rates and correlates of Dried-blood spots and plasma specimen genotyping failure in a resource-limited setting |
title | HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping success rates and correlates of Dried-blood spots and plasma specimen genotyping failure in a resource-limited setting |
title_full | HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping success rates and correlates of Dried-blood spots and plasma specimen genotyping failure in a resource-limited setting |
title_fullStr | HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping success rates and correlates of Dried-blood spots and plasma specimen genotyping failure in a resource-limited setting |
title_full_unstemmed | HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping success rates and correlates of Dried-blood spots and plasma specimen genotyping failure in a resource-limited setting |
title_short | HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping success rates and correlates of Dried-blood spots and plasma specimen genotyping failure in a resource-limited setting |
title_sort | hiv-1 drug resistance genotyping success rates and correlates of dried-blood spots and plasma specimen genotyping failure in a resource-limited setting |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9112432/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35581555 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07453-9 |
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