Notfallsituationen und Krankenhauszuweisungen in Pflegeeinrichtungen – ein Scoping-Review zu Begleitumständen und versorgungsrelevanten Maßnahmen

BACKGROUND: Nursing home residents are more likely to be hospitalized as non-institutionalized peers. A large number of emergency medical services (EMS) and emergency department visits are classified as potentially avoidable. OBJECTIVES: To identify circumstances that increase the number of emergency situations in nursing homes and approaches to reduce hospital admissions in order to illustrate the complexity and opportunities for action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Scoping review with analysis of current original and peer-reviewed papers (2015–2020) in PubMed, CINAHL, and hand-search databases. RESULTS: From 2486 identified studies, 302 studies were included. Injuries, fractures, cardiovascular, respiratory, and infectious diseases are the most frequent diagnostic groups that have been retrospectively recorded. Different aspects could be identified as circumstances inducing emergency department visits: resident-related (e.g., multimorbidity, lack of volition, and advance directives), facility-related (e.g., staff turnover, uncertainties), physician-related (lack of accessibility, challenging access to specialists), and system-related circumstances (e.g., limited possibilities for diagnostics and treatment in facilities). Multiple approaches to reduce emergency department visits are being explored. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of circumstances influence the course of action in emergency situations in nursing facilities. Therefore, interventions to reduce emergency department visits address, among other things, strengthening the competence of nursing staff, interprofessional communication, and systemic approaches. A comprehensive understanding of the complex processes of care is essential for developing and implementing effective interventions.