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Immunomodulatory Activities of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Orthodontic Forces-Induced Inflammatory Processes: Current Views and Future Perspectives

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is induced by applying active mechanical forces, causing a local non-infectious inflammatory response in the periodontal ligament (PDL). As a prerequisite for OTM, the inflammation status is associated with increased levels of various cytokines and involves the inter...

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Autores principales: Behm, Christian, Zhao, Zhongqi, Andrukhov, Oleh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9114308/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35601817
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/froh.2022.877348
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author Behm, Christian
Zhao, Zhongqi
Andrukhov, Oleh
author_facet Behm, Christian
Zhao, Zhongqi
Andrukhov, Oleh
author_sort Behm, Christian
collection PubMed
description Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is induced by applying active mechanical forces, causing a local non-infectious inflammatory response in the periodontal ligament (PDL). As a prerequisite for OTM, the inflammation status is associated with increased levels of various cytokines and involves the interaction between immune cells and periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). It is well established that hPDLSCs respond to orthodontic forces in several ways, such as by secreting multiple inflammatory factors. Another essential feature of hPDLSCs is their immunomodulatory activities, which are executed through cytokine (e.g., TNF-α and IL-1β)-induced production of various soluble immunomediators (e.g., indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1, tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein, prostaglandin E(2)) and direct cell-to-cell contact (e.g., programmed cell death ligand 1, programmed cell death ligand 2). It is well known that these immunomodulatory abilities are essential for local periodontal tissue homeostasis and regeneration. So far, only a handful of studies provides first hints that hPDLSCs change immunological processes during OTM via their immunomodulatory activities. These studies demonstrate the pro-inflammatory aspect of immunomodulation by hPDLSCs. However, no studies exist which investigate cytokine and cell-to-cell contact mediated immunomodulatory activities of hPDLSCs. In this perspective article, we will discuss the potential role of the immunomodulatory potential of hPDLSCs in establishing and resolving the OTM-associated non-infectious inflammation and hence its potential impact on periodontal tissue homeostasis during OTM.
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spelling pubmed-91143082022-05-19 Immunomodulatory Activities of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Orthodontic Forces-Induced Inflammatory Processes: Current Views and Future Perspectives Behm, Christian Zhao, Zhongqi Andrukhov, Oleh Front Oral Health Oral Health Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is induced by applying active mechanical forces, causing a local non-infectious inflammatory response in the periodontal ligament (PDL). As a prerequisite for OTM, the inflammation status is associated with increased levels of various cytokines and involves the interaction between immune cells and periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). It is well established that hPDLSCs respond to orthodontic forces in several ways, such as by secreting multiple inflammatory factors. Another essential feature of hPDLSCs is their immunomodulatory activities, which are executed through cytokine (e.g., TNF-α and IL-1β)-induced production of various soluble immunomediators (e.g., indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1, tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein, prostaglandin E(2)) and direct cell-to-cell contact (e.g., programmed cell death ligand 1, programmed cell death ligand 2). It is well known that these immunomodulatory abilities are essential for local periodontal tissue homeostasis and regeneration. So far, only a handful of studies provides first hints that hPDLSCs change immunological processes during OTM via their immunomodulatory activities. These studies demonstrate the pro-inflammatory aspect of immunomodulation by hPDLSCs. However, no studies exist which investigate cytokine and cell-to-cell contact mediated immunomodulatory activities of hPDLSCs. In this perspective article, we will discuss the potential role of the immunomodulatory potential of hPDLSCs in establishing and resolving the OTM-associated non-infectious inflammation and hence its potential impact on periodontal tissue homeostasis during OTM. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9114308/ /pubmed/35601817 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/froh.2022.877348 Text en Copyright © 2022 Behm, Zhao and Andrukhov. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Oral Health
Behm, Christian
Zhao, Zhongqi
Andrukhov, Oleh
Immunomodulatory Activities of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Orthodontic Forces-Induced Inflammatory Processes: Current Views and Future Perspectives
title Immunomodulatory Activities of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Orthodontic Forces-Induced Inflammatory Processes: Current Views and Future Perspectives
title_full Immunomodulatory Activities of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Orthodontic Forces-Induced Inflammatory Processes: Current Views and Future Perspectives
title_fullStr Immunomodulatory Activities of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Orthodontic Forces-Induced Inflammatory Processes: Current Views and Future Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed Immunomodulatory Activities of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Orthodontic Forces-Induced Inflammatory Processes: Current Views and Future Perspectives
title_short Immunomodulatory Activities of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Orthodontic Forces-Induced Inflammatory Processes: Current Views and Future Perspectives
title_sort immunomodulatory activities of periodontal ligament stem cells in orthodontic forces-induced inflammatory processes: current views and future perspectives
topic Oral Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9114308/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35601817
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/froh.2022.877348
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