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The Past, Present, and Future of a Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Vaccine

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic human retrovirus which causes a lifelong infection. An estimated 5–10 million persons are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide – a number which is likely higher due to lack of reliable epidemiological data. Most infected individuals remain asympt...

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Autores principales: Tu, Joshua J., Maksimova, Victoria, Ratner, Lee, Panfil, Amanda R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9114509/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35602078
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.897346
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author Tu, Joshua J.
Maksimova, Victoria
Ratner, Lee
Panfil, Amanda R.
author_facet Tu, Joshua J.
Maksimova, Victoria
Ratner, Lee
Panfil, Amanda R.
author_sort Tu, Joshua J.
collection PubMed
description Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic human retrovirus which causes a lifelong infection. An estimated 5–10 million persons are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide – a number which is likely higher due to lack of reliable epidemiological data. Most infected individuals remain asymptomatic; however, a portion of HTLV-1-positive individuals will develop an aggressive CD4+ T-cell malignancy called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), or a progressive neurodegenerative disease known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Few treatment options exist for HAM/TSP outside of palliative care and ATL carries an especially poor prognosis given the heterogeneity of the disease and lack of effective long-term treatments. In addition, the risk of HTLV-1 disease development increases substantially if the virus is acquired early in life. Currently, there is no realistic cure for HTLV-1 infection nor any reliable measure to prevent HTLV-1-mediated disease development. The severity of HTLV-1-associated diseases (ATL, HAM/TSP) and limited treatment options highlights the need for development of a preventative vaccine or new therapeutic interventions. This review will highlight past HTLV-1 vaccine development efforts, the current molecular tools and animal models which might be useful in vaccine development, and the future possibilities of an effective HTLV-1 vaccine.
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spelling pubmed-91145092022-05-19 The Past, Present, and Future of a Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Vaccine Tu, Joshua J. Maksimova, Victoria Ratner, Lee Panfil, Amanda R. Front Microbiol Microbiology Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic human retrovirus which causes a lifelong infection. An estimated 5–10 million persons are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide – a number which is likely higher due to lack of reliable epidemiological data. Most infected individuals remain asymptomatic; however, a portion of HTLV-1-positive individuals will develop an aggressive CD4+ T-cell malignancy called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), or a progressive neurodegenerative disease known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Few treatment options exist for HAM/TSP outside of palliative care and ATL carries an especially poor prognosis given the heterogeneity of the disease and lack of effective long-term treatments. In addition, the risk of HTLV-1 disease development increases substantially if the virus is acquired early in life. Currently, there is no realistic cure for HTLV-1 infection nor any reliable measure to prevent HTLV-1-mediated disease development. The severity of HTLV-1-associated diseases (ATL, HAM/TSP) and limited treatment options highlights the need for development of a preventative vaccine or new therapeutic interventions. This review will highlight past HTLV-1 vaccine development efforts, the current molecular tools and animal models which might be useful in vaccine development, and the future possibilities of an effective HTLV-1 vaccine. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9114509/ /pubmed/35602078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.897346 Text en Copyright © 2022 Tu, Maksimova, Ratner and Panfil. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Tu, Joshua J.
Maksimova, Victoria
Ratner, Lee
Panfil, Amanda R.
The Past, Present, and Future of a Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Vaccine
title The Past, Present, and Future of a Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Vaccine
title_full The Past, Present, and Future of a Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Vaccine
title_fullStr The Past, Present, and Future of a Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Vaccine
title_full_unstemmed The Past, Present, and Future of a Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Vaccine
title_short The Past, Present, and Future of a Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Vaccine
title_sort past, present, and future of a human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 vaccine
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9114509/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35602078
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.897346
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